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| 1500099091 | republic | a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. - citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born male citizens. | 1 | |
| 1500099092 | patrician | aristocratic landowners who controlled most of power in the early years of the Roman Republic | 2 | |
| 1500099093 | plebeian | in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population. Could vote but denied holding important government jobs | 3 | |
| 1500099094 | tribunes | Plebeian Assembly who was elected by the Plebeians to protect their interests and rights from unfair acts of patrician officials. | 4 | |
| 1500099095 | Scipio | Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC) | 5 | |
| 1500099096 | consul | in the roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government; however their powers were limited - only had a one yr term in office and you could not be re-elected for 10 yrs..also, one consul could veto or override the others decisions. | 6 | |
| 1500099097 | dictator | In ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time (usually about 6 months).They were chosen by the consuls and elected by the Senate. | 7 | |
| 1500099098 | civil war | a war between two groups in the same country; In Rome, refers to the end of the Republic under the Gracchus Brothers & the following rebellions under Marius and Sulla...this brought Julius Caesar to power. | 8 | |
| 1500099099 | trimuvirate | a group or three, esp one possessing great power or eminence; in Rome the 1st group was Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey in the year 60 BC. | 9 | |
| 1500099100 | absolute ruler | one who has total power | 10 | |
| 1500099101 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 11 | |
| 1500099102 | apostle | These men were the original 12 disciples chosen by Christ to preach his gospels. | 12 | |
| 1500099103 | Diaspora | the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; after two rebellions - on in 70 AD at Massada and another in AD 132 - the Jewish state ceased to exist for over 1800 yrs - the Jews were driven from their homeland into exile. | 13 | |
| 1500099104 | pope | the bishop of Rome and supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church | 14 | |
| 1500099105 | heresy | any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position especially in regards to the Roman Catholic Church or any religion's set of sacred beliefs. | 15 | |
| 1500099106 | inflation | a general and progressive increase in prices coupled with a drastic drop in the value of money. | 16 | |
| 1500099107 | aqueduct | a structure built by Roman engineers to carry water over long distances to cities & towns | 17 | |
| 1500099108 | Pompeii | Roman city near Naples, Italy, which was buried during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. which preserved many buildings and art | 18 | |
| 1500099109 | Tacitus | A Roman historian who presented the facts accurately. He wrote about the good and the bad of imperial Rome in his Annals and Histories. | 19 | |
| 1500099110 | Virgil | greatest poet of the Golden Age, called the "Homer of Rome" because the Iliad and the Odyssey served as models for his epic, the Aeneid; focus on Patriotism; it took 10 years to write | 20 | |
| 1500099111 | senate | The aristocratic brach of Rome's govenment. It had both legislative and administrative functions. Its 300 members were chosen from the upper class of Roman society. | 21 | |
| 1500099112 | legions | large military units of Roman soldiers | 22 | |
| 1500099113 | Punic Wars | A long struggle between Rome and Carthage over superiority in power, settlement, and trade in the Mediterranean. | 23 | |
| 1500099114 | Rome | Winner of the Punic Wars | 24 | |
| 1500099115 | Hannibal | Carthaginian military leader and strategist who attempted to surprise Rome with a land-based attack through the Alps. | 25 | |
| 1500099116 | Julius Caesar | Roman consul, governor of Gaul, and dictator of Rome. | 26 | |
| 1500099117 | Caesar's Reforms | Expanding Roman citizenship, creating jobs through public works projects, expanded opportunities for landless people to purchase land, and increased pay for soldiers. | 27 | |
| 1500099118 | Octavian | Caesar Augustus' real name. | 28 | |
| 1500099119 | Caesar Augustus | First of the series of emperor's of Rome. He took on the nickname "exalted one." He was Julius Caesar's adopted son. | 29 | |
| 1500099120 | Jesus | Jewish carpenter who began a religious movement later known as Christianity. | 30 | |
| 1500099121 | Paul | A Jewish man who spent the beginning of his life persecuting Christians before his conversion to Christianity. He became one of the foremost missionaries spreading Christianity to the Greeks and Romans. | 31 | |
| 1500099122 | Constantine | This Roman emperor credited a pivotal win in battle to the God of the Christians and afterward announced the end of persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire. | 32 | |
| 1500099123 | bishop | One of the hierarchy of Christian leaders in the Church. This particular position is in charge of supervising many priests and churches. | 33 | |
| 1500099124 | Peter | One of Jesus' apostles. Jesus once refered to him as "the rock on which the church will be built". This man became a bishop in Rome and tradition holds that subsequent bishops of Rome will also be "the rock" or lead bishops within the church. | 34 | |
| 1500099125 | mercenaries | foreign soldiers recruited to protect the Roman empire. | 35 | |
| 1500099126 | Diocletian | This Roman emperor divided the empire in two, keeping the western portion for himself, but naming a co-emperor of the east. | 36 | |
| 1500099127 | Constantinople | The new capital of the Roman empire as designed by Constantine. | 37 | |
| 1500099128 | Major causes of the decline of the Roman empire | Outside invasions, severe inflation, separation of the Western portion from the Eastern. | 38 | |
| 1500099129 | Attila | Leader of a strong and united Germanic tribe that attacked the Roman empire and accelerated its decline. | 39 | |
| 1500099130 | Greco-Roman culture | The culture of the Romans, which mixed Greek, Hellenist, and Roman ideas. | 40 | |
| 1500099131 | Mosaics | Popular form of Roman art in which pictures or designs were created using many small pieces of tile. | 41 | |
| 1500099132 | What were the Roman legions? | the roman military forces | 42 | |
| 1500099133 | Who was Constantine? | Roman emperor; made christianity legal; moved capital to Byzantium (later called Constantinople) | 43 | |
| 1500099134 | What culture is also known as classical culture? | Greco-Roman | 44 | |
| 1500099135 | What did Diocletian do that involved language and the Roman Empire? | Divided the Roman empire in two parts, the latin speaking west and the greek speaking east | 45 | |
| 1500099136 | What were aqueducts? | water channels that brought water to cities and towns | 46 | |
| 1500099137 | What was Pax Romana? | a time of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire | 47 | |
| 1500099138 | Who was Julius Caesar? | Military leader, joined forces with Crassus; voted dictator for life by senate and is later assasinated by senate | 48 | |
| 1500099139 | What types of people were plebeians? | low class, poor people etc. | 49 | |
| 1500099140 | Who was Paul? | apostle who had a big influence on christianity; his letters make up the new testament in the bible | 50 | |
| 1500099141 | what event ended the trimvirate of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey? | Caesar and Pompey go to war | 51 | |
| 1500099142 | what were the people's rights under roman law? | -equal treatment -innocetn until proven guilty -punishment for actions, not thoughts | 52 | |
| 1500099143 | what two classes was there political struggle for power between? | plebians & patricians | 53 | |
| 1500099144 | what did christians refuse to do that caused roman leaders to dislike them so much? | they refused to worship the roman gods | 54 | |
| 1500099145 | what was the emperors purose of dividing the roman empire? | to make it easier to control | 55 | |
| 1500099146 | who were the consuls in early roman government? | the main executives of the government; 2 king-like officials served 1 year terms. Commanded the army and directed the government. One console could veto other | 56 | |
| 1500099147 | what caused the major conflict between rome and carthage? | control of the western meddeteranian sea | 57 | |
| 1500099148 | what were the major 3 factors that helped spread christianity throughout the roman empire? | -the religion embraced all people -common language -roman roads | 58 | |
| 1500099149 | the fear of attack by the huns caused what group to invade rome? | the germanic tribes | 59 | |
| 1500099150 | describe the roman code of law, the twelve tablets | The first written law code displayed in the roman forum for all to see.. Showed that all free citizens has the right to protection under the law | 60 | |
| 1500099151 | where would you find the main sorce of info on the life of jesus of nazareth? | the new testement of the bible | 61 | |
| 1500099152 | what were the 3 main parts of the roman economy? | trade, slavery & agriculture | 62 | |
| 1500099153 | who was viewed as the most able emperor? | Julius Caesar | 63 | |
| 1500099154 | Summariize what rome left for future cultures | architecture, art, language, government, religion, and literature | 64 |
