for the people that actually use this, please, please, please excuse the bountiful, frequent spelling errors that are in these brief descriptions of things i find important in my book, Traditions and Encounters Second Edition. i create these notes in haste, and often with my eyes half shut, so please excuse my mistakes.
k?
much love,
Jen
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| 13721348 | Han Wudi | a Chinese emperor; after Zhang Qian came back from his expedition, Zhang suggests trade relations between China and Bactria through India, and Han thought that was a fantabulous idea; China imposed political and military control over vast territories and promoted trade | 0 | |
| 13721349 | Zhang Qian | he was sent to communicate with potential allies against the Xiongnu; Xiongnu forces captured him however, they treated him well, like they let him have a wife, keep his servant and he had a son with his wife; well suspicions got calm about him, and when that happened he escaped with his family and servant; he tried to complete his task, but it he could not get any allies, so he heads home, but gets captured again!; this time he manages to escape after one year's detention, mostly because of the death of the Xiongnu leader | 1 | |
| 13721350 | Silk Roads | rulers invested heavily on bridges and roads for trade routes; as the classical empires expanded, merchants and travelers created an extensive network of trade routes that linked much of Eurasia and north Africa; these routes were thus called collectively the silk roads since silk was one of the highest commodities going along those roads | 2 | |
| 13721351 | Monsoon System | governed sailing and shipping in the Indian Ocean | 3 | |
| 13721352 | Buddhism | was the most prominent faith of silk roads merchants for almost a millennium, from about 200 B.C.E. to 700 C.E. | 4 | |
| 13721353 | Rajas | rulers of southeast Asian states called themselves rajas (kings) | 5 | |
| 13723735 | Christianity | at first Romans didn't really like it because it went against their main religion; | 6 | |
| 13723736 | Gregory the Wonderworker | a tireless missionary with a reputation for performing miracles, who popularized Christianity in central Anatolia during the mid third century C.E. | 7 | |
| 13723737 | Nestorians | followers of the Greek theologian Nestorius, who lived during the early fifth century and emphasized the human as opposed to the divine nature of Jesus; | 8 | |
| 13723738 | Manichaeism | the faith derived from the prophet Mani, a devout Zoroastrian from Babylon in Mesopotamia; promoted an ascetic lifestyle | 9 | |
| 13723739 | The elect | devout Manichaeans that abstained from marriage, sexual relations, fine clothing, meat, rich foods, and other personal comforts, dedicating themselves instead to prayer, fasting, and ritual observances | 10 | |
| 13723740 | Hearers | were less devout Manichaeans and they led more conventional lives, but they folowed a strict moral code and provided food and gifts to sustain the elect | 11 | |
| 13723741 | Decline of Manichaeism | Mani was held prisoner and later on died because Sasanid rulers wanted to have Zoroastrianism as their main religion; they also killed other Manichaeism-ers in an effort to obliterate the religion | 12 | |
| 13805605 | China After the Han Dynasty | han state was sort of ruled by the elites; so when the rich started marrying and stuff to the poor it led to constant backstabbing which in turn weakened it's central government | 13 | |
| 13805606 | Wang Mang | had attempted to redistribute land in China, but his program did not survive his own brief reign | 14 | |
| 13805607 | Peasant Rebellion | the rich decided to push economic tax pressure on the peasants; in 184 C.E. the Yellow Turban rebellion occured | 15 | |
| 13805608 | Collapse of Han | the emperor basically became a puppet and the armies and generals held the strings; in 220 C.E. they abolished the han dynasty and divided it into 3 states; Wei, Wu, and Shu | 16 | |
| 13805609 | Nomadic people | nomads became one with China; confucianism became irrelevant; people who used to support Confucianism turned to Daoism and Buddhism | 17 | |
| 13805610 | Barracks Emperors | the 26 or more people that thought that they deserved the throne of Rome, which eventually led to its downfall | 18 | |
| 13805611 | Diocletian | tried to deal with the problems of not being able to wield the large empire by dividing the empire into two administrative districts; a coemperor ruled each district with the aid of a powerful lieutenant, and the four officials, known as the tetrarchs | 19 | |
| 13805612 | Tetrarchs | a coemperor ruled each district with the aid of a powerful lieutenant, and the four officials, known as the tetrarchs | 20 | |
| 13805613 | Constantine | son of Diocletian's coruler Constantius; defeated most of his enemies, although he overcame his last rivals on in 324 C.E.; constructed Constantinople | 21 | |
| 13805614 | Germanic | invasions of these people brought an end to Roman authority in the western half of the empire | 22 | |
| 13805615 | Visigoths | came from Scandinavia and Russia; they were Germanic migrants | 23 | |
| 13805616 | Huns | had warrior king Attila who organized the Huns into a virtually unstoppable military juggernaut; the Huns invaded Hungary, probed Roman frontiers in the Balkan region, menaced Gaul and northern Italy, and attacked Germanic peoples living on the borders of the Roman empire | 24 | |
| 13805617 | Byzantine empire | after basically the western empire fell at the hands of the Germanic, the eastern managed to hang in there and they called themselves the Byzantine empire | 25 | |
| 13865077 | Rhapta | contributed ivory, tortoise shell, and slaves and dominated East African trade | 26 | |
| 13865078 | Rome | contributed manufactured goods like glass, art, olive oil, and wine and dominated the Mediterranean | 27 | |
| 13865079 | Jews | took goods from the Palmyra to the Mediterranean basin | 28 | |
| 13865080 | Parthia | controlled sea trade in the Persian Gulf and overland trade within the empire | 29 | |
| 13865081 | China | contributed fine silk and spices and was the eastern most extent of the trade routes | 30 | |
| 13865082 | Central Asia | contributed horses and jade and dominated overland trade routes | 31 | |
| 13865083 | India | contributed pepper and cotton, and exotic items like pearls | 32 | |
| 13865084 | Southeast Asia | contributed spices and mariners in sea trade | 33 | |
| 13866635 | Constantine and Christianity | experienced a vision that impressed upon him the power of the Christian God; he believed that God helped him to prevail over his rivals, and he promulgated the Edict of Milan | 34 | |
| 13866636 | Theodosius | proclaimed Christianity the official religion of the roman empire | 35 | |
| 13866637 | St. Augustine | bishop of the north African city of Hippo; had a fine education, and he was conversant with the leading intellectual currents of the day | 36 | |
| 13867211 | Bishops | presided over religious affairs in their districts | 37 | |
| 13867212 | Dioceses | religious affairs in the bishop's district | 38 | |
| 13867213 | Nicaea and Chalcedon | took up the difficult and contentious issue of Jesus' nature; these were councils | 39 |
