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| 389300336 | Nicolaus Copernicus | (1473-1543) Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center | 0 | |
| 389300337 | Galileo Galilei | (1564-1642) Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 1 | |
| 389300338 | Francis Bacon | (1561-1626) English statesman and philosopher; developed the scientific method | 2 | |
| 389300339 | William Harvey | (1578-1657) English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood | 3 | |
| 389300340 | John Locke | (1632-1704) English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience | 4 | |
| 389300341 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | (1712-1778) A French man who believed that human beings are naturally good and can rely on their instincts; government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy | 5 | |
| 389300342 | Thomas Hobbes | (1588-1679) English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings | 6 | |
| 389300343 | Voltaire | (1694-1778) French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment; advocated civil liberties including: freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade and separation of church and state | 7 | |
| 389300344 | Zhu Xi | (1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action | 8 | |
| 389300345 | Natural Rights | The idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property | 9 |
