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| 474328342 | Spearman | believed we have one general intelligence (g) and granted that people often have special abilities that stand out; developed factor analysis- a procedure that identifies clusters of related items | |
| 474328343 | Guiford | ... | |
| 474328344 | Factors that affect intelligence | -emotion, motivation,personality traits (according to individuals such as Piget) | |
| 474328345 | Cattell | divided intelligence into fluid intelligence crystallized intelligence | |
| 474328346 | fluid intelligence | non verbal, culture free | |
| 474328347 | crystallized intelligence | acquired skills and knowledge (book learning) | |
| 474328348 | verbal intelligence | crystallized , intelligence in the use and comprehension of language | |
| 474328349 | performance intelligence | intelligence measure by non-verabals (solving puzzles, completing pictures etc) Fluid | |
| 474328350 | Wechsler | created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) 11 subtests broken into verbal and performance areas with separate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed; DEVISED NORMAL BELL CURVE FOR INTELLIGENCE | |
| 474328351 | information processing models | Views human beings as processors of information. (Provided more dynamic approach to psychology than behaviorism) -speed of processing is measured | |
| 474328352 | gardner | devised theory of multiple intelligences: -spatial -logical/mathmatical -linguistic -musical -body kinesthetic -interpersonal: reading other people -intrapersonal: emotional intelligence | |
| 474328353 | Sternberg Triatic theory | 1. Creative - how well can you formulate new ideas........connect the dots 2. analytical - how well you think about things 3. practical - how well you adapt to enviornment *first to take street smarts into account when evaluating intelligence | |
| 474328354 | Jensen | published book that said intelligence differences can be seen in the races | |
| 474328355 | monozygotic twins | Twins who are genetically identical | |
| 474328356 | dizygotic twins | Fraternal twins produced from separate fertilized eggs. Like all siblings, DZ twins share an average of 50 percent of their genes. | |
| 474328357 | Adoption Studies | Compared the degree of similarity to adopted kids IQ to adopted parents and siblings (nurture) to the degree of similarity of the adopted kids score and their biological families scores (Nature) -found that at least 40% of intelligence can be attributed to heredity | |
| 474328358 | Using twin studies to explain a group difference (agricultural example) | Have a barrel of random seeds and you plant them in soil and they will grow to varying heights-genetics explain this difference. Take another and plant in clay and plants grow to varying heights-genetics can explain this. Genetics can not explain the difference between the plants in clay vs plants in soil. | |
| 474328359 | Twin studies controversy | -When these are used to explain IQ differences in racial groups -Lower SES children score lower on IQ tests -The debate is whether the scores are based on genetics, environmental or the tests are biased | |
| 474328360 | Claude Steele | developed a theory that if you highlight a stereotype before someone takes a test, their performance affirms the stereotype Example: highlight the gender of a woman before math test might then bring to mind the stereotype that woman aren't good at math and then her score will suffer | |
| 474328361 | Twin studies Patterns | As the level of genetic similarity decreases, the level of similarity decreases - this suggests genetics play a role in intelligence If IQ was solely genetic Monozygotic twins would have a 1.0 score | |
| 474328362 | Grades and IQ | Only moderately correlated other factors: motivations teacher expectations parent attitudes | |
| 474328363 | Occupational status | Can open doors but drops off as a predictor of success and income | |
| 474328364 | Group differences | -no gender differences -greater variability in male scores, men have more individuals in the high and low ends of the bell curve (the extremes) | |
| 474328365 | Stanford Binet and Wechler | Measure IQ and current level of cognitive function | |
| 474328366 | analytic perception | Context independent perceptual processes that focuses on a salient object independently from the context in which it is embedded | |
| 474328367 | attention | the process of focusing our limited capacities of consciousness on a particular set of stimuli, | |
| 474328368 | blind spot | the point where the optic nerve enters the retina through a layer of receptor cells on its way to the back of the brain, creating a lack of sensory receptors in the eye at that location | |
| 474328369 | carpentered world theory | a theory of perception that suggests that people (at least most Americans) are used to seeing things that are rectangular in shape, and thus unconsciously expect things to have square corners | |
| 474328370 | collective intelligence | shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals and results in group decision-making and production | |
| 474328371 | counterfactual thinking | imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn't | |
| 474328372 | dialectical thinking | The tendency to accept what seem to be contradictions in thought or beliefs. | |
| 474328373 | IQ tests bias | -not biased in the psychometric sense -biased in how intelligence is defined and do result in adverse impact for minority groups when fewer minorities are selected for admission | |
| 474328374 | within group norming | The practice of administering the same test to every test taker but scoring the test differently according to groups. Example: a woman who gets a score of 65 percentile then you score above 65% of the women that took the test *80s legislation banned this practice | |
| 474328375 | Banding | a method of interpreting test scores such that scores of different magnitude in a numeric range or band (e.g., 90-95) are regarded as being equivalent | |
| 474328376 | gender stereotyping | ... |
