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Development of Agriculture -- AP World History Flashcards

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3385521910Date of Neolithic Revolutionc8,000 BCE0
3385522684Why would the Neolithic Revolution be called the Neolithic transition?It took hundreds / thousands of years to fully diffuse / be practiced1
3385524913Who first discovered agriculture?Women2
3385526011The first method of farmingslash-and-burn agriculture3
3385526388Define slash-and-burn agricultureSlashing bark and burning trees to ground4
3385526834Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture on soilInitially very fertile soil, became infertile after a few years.5
3385529595Effects of slash-and-burn agriculture on spread of agricultureDiffused agriculture as people had to migrate every so often due to infertile soil6
3385530504The second great discovery of the Neolithic EraAnimal breeding7
3385531624What two things allowed humans to be stationaryBreeding and farming8
3385532291What determined the crops being domesticated?Climate and type of plants present9
3385536851Two examples of grainsWheat and barley10
3385537219What was first cultivated in MesopotamiaGrains: wheat and barley11
3385538193What was first cultivated in East Asia along the Yangzi River and Huang He rivers?Rice and soybeans12
3385539586What was first cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa?Yams and sorghum13
3385540625Sorghum14
3385541376What was first cultivated in Southeast Asiataro and bananas15
3385542282What was first cultivated in the Americasmaize, beans, and potatoes16
3385545402Effects of agriculture in regards to populationPopulation growth at an exponential rate17
3385546420Population - 10,000 BCE4 million18
3385866023Population - 5,000 BCE5 million19
3385866755Population - 3,000 BCE14 million20
3385867735Population - 2,000 BCE27 million21
3385868258Population - 1,000 BCE50 million22
3385868845Population - 500 BCE100 million23
3386715259What enabled food surpluses?Creation of permanent villages, tools.24
3386715932What did food surpluses enable?Job specialization25
3386717244What enabled the creation of a wealthier class?Land ownership26
3386721623What did Neolithic peoples study in regards to the changes of the season?Sun, moon, and stars27
3386723747The main religious goal of neolithic peoplesEnsure fertility (land and people)28
3386729404What did religious beliefs capitalize on?Life cycle of birth, growth, death, and regenerated life29
3386733763Three main craft industriesPottery, metallurgy, and textiles30
3386734004Earliest metal usedCopper31
3386735721First functions of copperJewelry and simple tools32
3386736552What was copper the foundation of?Bronze and iron33
3386737408Who created bronze? When?Mesopotamian metalworkers in c3200 BCE34
3386737932Composition of bronzeCopper and tin35
3386738557Use of bronzeAgriculture and weaponry36
3386764393How common is copper?Relatively common37
3386765773How common is tin?Rare38
3386768078When were iron tools and weapons first developed?c1300 BCE39
3386769121What happens when carbon is added to iron tools?It becomes steel - much stronger, more durable40
3386772655Societal effects of ironMetal became more affordable among lower class which resulted in changes of warfare and politics (in Greece particularly).41
3386777516Diffusion routes of metalworkingFrom Mesopotamia to Mediterranean, into Africa, and across Asia42
3386784359Origin of wheelUnknown43
3386785082When was the wheel invented?c3200 BCE44
3386785660Use of wheels among Sumerianswheeled carts45
3386787948Describe rate of diffusion with wheeled cartsVery fast46
3386788803Why would wheels have no value in America?Absence of draft animals47
3386791684Role of pastoralist people and diffusing technology and why did this happen?Diffused such very quickly because they had contact with many farming communities48
3386795418Two examples of tech diffused by pastoralist peoplesChariots and iron blades49
3386796376What did pastoral nomads depend on?Their herd50
3386797180Where did pastoral nomads live?Central Asian steppe and grasslands51
3386798097Describe conditions and relate them to Central Asian grassLow rainfall but grass could live off of less water52
3386798834Why did pastoral nomadism dominate in steppe and grasslands?Grass was more suited for grazing than farming53
3386804211What determined who would farm and who would be pastoral nomads?Geography and climate54
3386805407How did pastoralist nomads respond to difficult interactions with communities?Developed offensive and defensive fighting tactics55
3386808399What were the farmers after that the pastoralist nomads had?Their animals - hence they got good at fighting56
3386810748What did heightened military ability cause overall among the pastoralist nomads?Future focus on fighting tactics among not only pastoralist nomads but farmers too57

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