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| 4714604862 | transcription produces | codons | 0 | |
| 4714606679 | what is the purpose of dna transcription | to go from the language of Nucleic Acids (base pairs) to the language of polypeptides (Amino Acids) | 1 | |
| 4714609149 | number of codon combinations | 64 | 2 | |
| 4714609155 | number of Amino Acids | 20 | 3 | |
| 4714609725 | codon | a triplet base that specifies what Amino Acid is needed |  | 4 |
| 4714611175 | start codon that makes the AAcid | - *methianine* |  | 5 |
| 4714612672 | stop codons | -3 of them -they dont code for any AA's -indicates the *end of gene translation* |  | 6 |
| 4714621140 | where does transcription occur | in the nucleus | 7 | |
| 4714621600 | where does translation occur | in the cytoplasm | 8 | |
| 4714622476 | What are the 3 steps of transcription? | 1.Initiation 2.Elongation 3.Termination | 9 | |
| 4714622850 | Transcription Initiation | -Rna Polymerase attaches to the *promotor*; an area on dna that marks the start | 10 | |
| 4714625040 | promotor | -Tells *Rna Polymerase* where to start gene transcription -occurs during *initiation* phase | 11 | |
| 4714626814 | Transcription Elongation | -second step in transcription -this is when the new RNA strand is created | 12 | |
| 4714628144 | Transcription Termination | -third step in transcription -terminator is where polymerase ends -Causes the RNA Polymerase to break off. -now, it is ready to move to the cytoplasm and make proteins | 13 | |
| 4714673195 | what mods need to be done to RNA after transcription? | 1.add caps and tails (once added, its called mRNA) 2.introns (interrupt codons)are removed from MRna | 14 | |
| 4714679628 | Caps | -they attach to the 5' end - | 15 | |
| 4725432134 | Once a cap and tail is added, it's | mRNA | 16 | |
| 4725432135 | tRNA is foind | In the cytoplasm | 17 | |
| 4725432136 | tRNA creates | New sequences from codons | 18 | |
| 4725432137 | Anticodon of tRNA will | Read the mRNA | 19 | |
| 4725432138 | What are the tRNA binding sites | A site, P site, and E site on the ribosome | 20 | |
| 4724115150 | Tail | -3' end -50 to 250 Adenines in a row | 21 | |
| 4724126274 | introns | -interrupt codons -not expressed and are removed at end of transcription phase | 22 | |
| 4724129018 | tRNA | -found in the cytoplasm -takes codons and makes a new sequence --free amino acids are also in cytoplasm codes for specific amino acid one one end. -the other end has an anticodon. This will read the mRNA -binds to large subunit | 23 | |
| 4724134859 | anticodon | -one end of tRNA that reads mRNA | 24 | |
| 4724159323 | mRNA | -binds to small subunit of ribosome - | 25 | |
| 4724164093 | Initiation of polypeptide synthesis | the mRNA, the tRNA, and the large and small subunits combine | 26 | |
| 4724179417 | elongation of polypeptide synthesis | tRNA's keep moving along and adding to the polypeptide chain (at their amino acid attachment site). the mrna is moved through the ribosome one codon at a time | 27 | |
| 4724232974 | termination of polypeptide synthesis | the end result is that we are getting a phenotype from a genotype | 28 | |
| 4724281236 | what is the end result of this process? | the end result gives us a phenotype from a genotype! | 29 | |
| 4724956273 | types of mutations | *silent*-doesent change phenotype *missense*-changes an amino acid to another *nonsense*-changes amino acid to a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) *frameshift*-inserts or deletes nucleotides | 30 | |
| 4724959646 | silent mutation | the phenotype doesent change, but the AA genotype does | 31 | |
| 4724960150 | missense | one amino acid is changed to another | 32 | |
| 4724960741 | non sense | an amino acid is changed to a stop codon (UAA, UGA, UAG) | 33 | |
| 4724961240 | Frameshift | inserts or deletes nucleotides like a timeshift in back to the future | 34 | |
| 4725179309 | AUG | the start codon *methianine* | 35 | |
| 4725179310 | UAA | a stop codon | 36 | |
| 4725179599 | UGA | a stop codon | 37 | |
| 4725179975 | UAG | a stop codon | 38 |
