A.p Lang terms that may be on the exam. If there are any mistakes or changes that need to be made please let me know.
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| 120761992 | alliteration | use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse | 0 | |
| 120761993 | allusion | a reference to another work of literature, person, or event | 1 | |
| 120761994 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 2 | |
| 120761995 | analogy | drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect | 3 | |
| 120761996 | anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase as the beginning of successive clauses | 4 | |
| 120761997 | anastrophe | the reversal of the normal order of words | 5 | |
| 120761998 | apostrophe | a figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction | 6 | |
| 120761999 | anecdote | short account of an incident (especially a biographical one) | 7 | |
| 120762000 | antithesis | the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance | 8 | |
| 120762001 | aphorism | a short pithy instructive saying | 9 | |
| 120762002 | caricature | a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect | 10 | |
| 120762003 | comparison/contrast | is a text structure that discusses similarities and differences | 11 | |
| 120762004 | connotation | an idea that is implied or suggested | 12 | |
| 120762005 | denotation | the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression | 13 | |
| 120762006 | description | a statement that represents something in words | 14 | |
| 120762007 | dialogue | a literary composition in the form of a conversation between two people | 15 | |
| 120762008 | dichotomy | a division into two parts | 16 | |
| 120762009 | diction | the articulation of speech regarded from the point of view of its intelligibility to the audience | 17 | |
| 120762010 | euphemism | an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive | 18 | |
| 120762011 | figure of speech | language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense | 19 | |
| 120762012 | genre | a kind of literary or artistic work | 20 | |
| 120762013 | hyperbole | extravagant exaggeration | 21 | |
| 120762014 | imagery | The use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, thing, place, or experience | 22 | |
| 120762015 | inductive reasoning | reasoning from detailed facts to general principles | 23 | |
| 120762016 | deductive reasoning | reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect) | 24 | |
| 120762017 | inference | the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation | 25 | |
| 120762018 | irony | the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning | 26 | |
| 120762019 | juxtaposition | placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast | 27 | |
| 120762020 | loose sentence | a type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses | 28 | |
| 120762021 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. | 29 | |
| 120762022 | metaphor | a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity | 30 | |
| 120762023 | motif | A recurring theme, subject or idea | 31 | |
| 120762024 | mood | the overall emotion created by a work of literature | 32 | |
| 120762025 | narrative | consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story | 33 | |
| 120762026 | narrative devices | methods the author uses to help convey the message of his/her piece | 34 | |
| 120762027 | onomatopoeia | using words that imitate the sound they denote | 35 | |
| 120762028 | paradox | a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. | 36 | |
| 120762029 | parallelism | the use of a series of words, phrases, or sentences that have similar grammatical form | 37 | |
| 120762030 | parody | humorous or satirical mimicry | 38 | |
| 120762031 | personification | representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature | 39 | |
| 120762032 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | 40 | |
| 120762033 | repetition | the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device | 41 | |
| 120762034 | rhetoric | study of the technique and rules for using language effectively (especially in public speaking) | 42 | |
| 120762035 | rhetorical devices | Literary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression | 43 | |
| 120762036 | rhetorical mode | patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparision and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplificaiton, classifcation and division, process analysis, and argumentation | 44 | |
| 120762037 | rhetorical question | a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered | 45 | |
| 120762038 | rhetorical stance | language that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject | 46 | |
| 120762039 | sarcasm | witty language used to convey insults or scorn | 47 | |
| 120762040 | simile | a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with 'like' or 'as') | 48 | |
| 120762041 | symbolism | the use of one thing to stand for or represent another | 49 | |
| 120762042 | style | a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period | 50 | |
| 120762043 | syntax | the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences | 51 | |
| 120762044 | flashback | a transition (in literary or theatrical works or films) to an earlier event or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story | 52 | |
| 120762045 | foreshadowing | the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot | 53 | |
| 120762046 | trope | language used in a figurative or non literal sense | 54 | |
| 120762047 | voice | (linguistics) the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes | 55 | |
| 120762048 | vignette | A series of short stories | 56 | |
| 120764070 | ethos | The appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator | 57 | |
| 120764071 | logos | an appeal based on logic or reason | 58 | |
| 120764072 | pathos | emotional appeal | 59 | |
| 120764073 | presentation | how an image is presented to appeal to the audience | 60 | |
| 120764074 | composition | light,color, framing, balance, proportion of an image | 61 | |
| 120764075 | aesthetics | type style, design elements, font size on a image | 62 | |
| 120774557 | theme | a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work | 63 | |
| 120774558 | tone | the attitude of the writer who wrote the literary work | 64 | |
| 120774559 | purpose | the reason the writer is writing the literary work | 65 | |
| 120774560 | argument to the man | 1. undermining the argument by attacking the speaker instead of the argument; trying to counter by attacking a person (literally translated, "against the man") Sentences That last comment wasn't necessary; let's stick to the issue, instead of arguing to the man. | 66 | |
| 120774561 | bandwagon | tries to persuade the reader to do, think, or buy something because it is popular or everyone is doing it | 67 | |
| 120774562 | complex question | an informal fallacy that occurs when a single question that is really two or more questions is asked, and a single answer is applied to both questions | 68 | |
| 120774563 | equivocation | When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument. | 69 | |
| 120774564 | hasty generalization | drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence | 70 | |
| 120774565 | half truth | Building your argument on verifiable facts but deliberately failing to give your audience the full story. In other words, if providing more information would shed a different light on your subject, You're deceiving your audience | 71 | |
| 120774566 | red herring | any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue | 72 | |
| 120774567 | oversimplification | When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument | 73 | |
| 120774568 | argument to the people | Stirring up powerful emotions rather than building a logical case.Used to distract audience's attention | 74 | |
| 120774569 | begging the question | Assertion that restates the point just made by either repeating his point in different words or draws conclusions from assumptions that haven't been proven | 75 | |
| 120774570 | either/or fallacy | Offering only two alternatives when more do exist | 76 | |
| 120774571 | false cause | Wrongly assumes a cause-and-effect relationship ('A' causes 'B' without proof that a relationship actually exists). | 77 | |
| 120774572 | false analogy | assuming without sufficient proof that if objects or processes are similar in some ways, then they are similar in other ways as well | 78 | |
| 120774573 | non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from what has just been said; a conclusion that does not follow from premises | 79 | |
| 120774574 | straw man argument | consists of an oversimplification of an opponent's argument so that it is easier to attack | 80 | |
| 120774575 | slippery slope | A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented | 81 | |
| 120774576 | claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence. | 82 | |
| 120774577 | data | a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn | 83 | |
| 120774578 | warrant | A statement that adds to the trust of the reader for a written work | 84 | |
| 120774579 | backing | supports a warrant which in turn supports the logical move from data to claim | 85 | |
| 120774580 | qualifier | a content word that qualifies the meaning of a noun or verb | 86 | |
| 120774581 | rebuttal | the speech act of refuting by offering a contrary contention or argument | 87 | |
| 120774582 | implicit warrant | An assumption that is unstated; taken for granted that everyone thinks or knows it already | 88 | |
| 120774583 | explicit warrant | An observation or assumption that is directly stated as a powerful part of the argument being made | 89 | |
| 120774584 | authoritative warrant | a warrant based on the credibility or trustworthiness of the source, a warrant based on the credibility or trustworthiness of the source | 90 | |
| 120774585 | motivational warrant | An assumption that plays on the audience's convictions, virtues, values | 91 | |
| 120774586 | substantive warrant | Other substantial evidence that would lead someone to make a particular claim | 92 |
