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Emergency Care -- 13th Edition -- Chapter 10 Flashcards

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3946201543Define hypoxiaa lack of oxygen in the body's tissues0
3946203539Define hypercapniahigh levels of carbon dioxide1
3946205386What is ventilation?breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths2
3946208932Why is inhalation an active process?it takes work to inhale -- the chest expands / diaphram contracts and moves down / size of the chest expands / negative pressure in created / air is pulled in3
3946217573Why is exhalation a passive process?it doesnt take as much work -- everything relaxes / positive pressure is created / air is pushed out4
3962864817What is respiratory distress?increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath5
3962867839What is respiratory failure?the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life6
3962873056What is respiratory arrest?when breathing completely stops7
3962903016How does respiratory distress turn to failure?When the body's compensatory methods to overcome hypoxia fail. Increased hypoxia, dangerous levels of carbon dioxide, and muscles begin to tire8
3962972017What are 8 signs of inadequate breathing?1. absent, minimal, uneven chest movements 2. abdominal breathing 3. no air can be felt or heard 4. noise sounds -- wheezing, crowing, stridor, snoring, gurgling 5. rapid or slow breathing 6. cyanosis 7. prolonged inspirations / prolonged expirations 8. low oxygen reading <95%9
3963025534What is minute volume?the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute10
3963032824How do you find minute volume?multiply tidal volume by the respiratory rate11
3963037366What is tidal volume?the amount of air moved in one breath12
3963050607What is the normal tidal volume for an adult?6000 ml13
3963054969How do you change pounds to kilograms?divide weight in pounds by 214
3963058089How do you find the tidal volume?Multiply the weight in kilograms by 515
3963133379When should oxygen not be used?in cases of strokes or heart attack16
3963148397What are the 5 types of oxygen cylinders?D / E / M / G / H17
3963153303How much oxygen does a D cylinder hold?350 liters18
3963156058How much oxygen does a E cylinder hold?625 liters19
3963163594How much oxygen does a M cylinder hold?3,000 liters20
3963165926How much oxygen does a G cylinder hold?5,300 liters21
3963168377How much oxygen does a H cylinder hold?6,900 liters22
3963174865What two types of cylinders are fixed systems on ambulances?G and H23
3963186137What are the colors that identify oxygen cylinders?--U.S. -- green --Europe -- white/green --also unpainted stainless steel and aluminum24
3963223375What device is connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce pressure for safe use?pressure regulator25
3963233875What is connected to the pressure regulator that indicates the control of the flow of oxygen?flowmeter26
3963256381Which flowmeter can be used upright?the pressure-compensated flowmeter27
3963267386What is the safe residual for an oxygen cylinder?when the pressure gauge reads 200psi or above28
3963285612What is a humidifier?a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from the oxygen cylinder29
3963326942What is the flow rate of oxygen in a nasal cannula?1-6 liters per minute30
3963330253What is the flow rate of oxygen in a nonrebreather mask?12-15 liters per minute31
3963363538What is mixed with oxygen in a venturi mask?inhaled air32
3963385063What situation would require a tracheostomy mask?to place over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen33
3963399712What is the EMTs best way to deliver high concentration of oxygen?a nonrebreather mask (NRB)34
3963431027When should a bag-valve mask (BVM) be used?to ventilate a nonbreathing patient and to assist ventilations in the patient whose own respiratory attempts are not enough to support life.35
3963450720What is the flow rate of BVM?15 liters per minute36
3963460297When should a nasal cannula be used?for patients who need a small amount of supplemental oxygen or cannot tolerate a mask37
3963465452When should a non-rebreather be used?for patients with signs of hypoxia and those short of breath, suffering severe injuries, or displaying altered mental status38
3963489104What is the oxygen concentration for a nonrebreather?80-90%39
3963492542What is the oxygen concentration for a nasal cannula?24-44%40
3964543659What is another name for respiratory depression?hypoventilation41
3964549556What is respiratory depression?when ventilation is inadequate to perform needed gas exchange. It causes an increased concentration of carbon dioxide42
3964598026What signs / symptoms of hypoxia?--cyanonsis --altered mental status43
3964616758What is a pocket facemask?a device designed to aid in artificial ventilation44
3964669281How do you ventilate a patient with a stoma?--suction the stoma --use a pediatric-size mask to establish a seal around the stoma --ventilate at the appropriate rate45
3964702552What percentage of oxygen comes from a pocket mask?16%46
3964789332Define diffusionthe movement of gases from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration47
3964795488What is pulmonary respiration?the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries48
3964820466What is cellular respiration?the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood49
3964826735What is respiration?the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood (external respiration) and between the blood and the cells (internal respiration)50
3964835447What is internal respiration?the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells51
3964840849What is external respiration?the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood52
3964889707What are chemoreceptors?chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide53
3964899048What two gasses do chemoreceptors measure?oxygen and carbon dioxide54
3964933342What device -- patient has adequate breathing or increasing respiratory distressnon-rebreather / nasal cannula55
3964945554What device -- patient has severe respiratory distress and continues to deterioratepocket face mask (PFM) / bag-valve mask (BVM)56
3964966303What is positive pressure ventilation?forcing air or oxygen into the lungs57
3964995524What are the parts of the BVM?1. oxygen (15 liters/minute) 2. bag (reservoir) 3. mask58
3965032002How much oxygen does the atmosphere provide?21%59
3965053448In what ways can excessive ventilation harm a patient?1. can cause a drop in blood pressure 2. gastric distention -- fills the stomach with air 3. hyperventilation -- can cause too much CO2 to be blown off60
3965089507What is gastric distention?the filling of the stomach with air61
3965093791How does gastric distention occur?when air is pushed through the esophagus during positive pressure ventiliation62
3965108289How can gastric distention be minimized?by using airway adjuncts when ventilating / also establishing proper head position and airway opening techniques63
3965137133In a non-rebreather mask, what needs to happen before the make is placed on the patient's face?the reservoir bag must be inflated64
3965151180What are the two devices most commonly used by the EMT to provide supplemental oxygen?nonrebreather mask / nasal cannula65
3965206736What is the percentage of oxygen from a pocket mask when attached to high-concentration oxygen?50%66
3965246472What is the oxygen concentration of a venturi mask?24-60%67
3965253162What is the oxygen concentration from a partial rebreather mask?40-60%68
3975108606What device is usually not used in EMS?partial rebreather mask69
3975110283What is the purpose of the rebreather mask?to keep a patient's CO2 levels up70
3975125952What device is used most commonly on patients with COPD?venturi mask71
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