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| 13546517501 | Endocrine System | the sum of all of an animal's hormone secreting cells and tissues. Uses endocrine glands to secrete hormones directly into the body fluids. Regulated by positive and negative feedback. | 0 | |
| 13546517502 | Hormones | Chemical messengers that cause a response in target cells. | 1 | |
| 13546517503 | Cell surface receptors | Bind the hormone on the surface of the cell (for water soluble/polar hormones), initiating a signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Ex: binding of epinephrine in a liver cell causes a cascade leading to the conversion of glycogen to glucose. | 2 | |
| 13546517504 | Intracellular receptors | Bind lipid soluble hormones- found within the cell. Usually result in a change in gene expression. Example: Testosterone enters the cell and binds to its receptor; this complex enters the nuclei of the target cells, binds to DNA, and turns on a specific gene. | 3 | |
| 13546517505 | Negative Feedback in endocrine system | the response reduces the initial stimulus (by decreasing hormone signaling). |  | 4 |
| 13546517506 | Positive Feedback in endocrine system | Reinforces a stimulus, leading to a greater response. | 5 | |
| 13546517507 | Are hormones in the body specific? | Hormones can affect one tissue, a few tissue, or most of the tissues, or other glands. Usually, one hormone can initiate a different signaling cascade/response in different tissues. | 6 | |
| 13546517508 | Tropic Hormones | Hormones that affect other endocrine glands. | 7 | |
| 13546517509 | hypothalamus | receives information from nerves throughout the body and from other parts of the brain and then initiates endocrine signals in response. | 8 | |
| 13546517510 | Example of Negative feedback in Endocrine System: control of blood calcium (Note; not necessary to memorize this- this image is provided as an example. You should be able to follow the general scheme of sitmulus-> sensor (gland/organ ) -> messenger (hormone) -> target -> response |  | 9 |
