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| 5355916753 | Endosymbiosis theory | A relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism (host) |  | 0 |
| 5372765567 | Primary endosymbiosis |  | 1 | |
| 5372769760 | Secondary endosymbiosis | red and green algae ingested by a heterotrophic eukaryote 1. |  | 2 |
| 5361586232 | Protists | 1. eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi 2. most are unicellular 3. Some are heterotrophs and some are heterotrophs | 3 | |
| 5355917052 | Serial endosymbiosis | mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger cells 1. similar in size 2. replication of mito. and chloroplasts resemble binary fission 3. inner membrane 4. ribosomes similar 5. have circular DNA which lack histones |  | 4 |
| 5355917053 | Mitochondria | 1. evolved before plastids are derived from prokaryotes that were engulfed by the ancestors of early eukaryotic cells 2. it's suggested that mitochondria arose once over the course of evolution since | 5 | |
| 5365419887 | Plastids 色素体 | An organelle found in the cells of plants, green algae, red algae, and certain other protists. Like mitochondria, plastids have an inner and outer membrane, and contain their own DNA and ribosomes. Some plastids, such as the chloroplasts in plant leaves, contain pigments. | 6 | |
| 5372751711 | Plastid lineage | 1. evolved later from a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryote 2. evolved into photosynthetic protists, red and green algae | 7 | |
| 5355917406 | Chloroplasts | 8 | ||
| 5355917407 | Elysia chlorotica | Feeds by sucking the cell content from the intertidal algae Vaucheria. |  | 9 |
| 5361690485 | Excavata 古虫界 | 1. a clade originally proposed based on morphological studies of the cytoskeleton 2. Include the diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans (all monophyletic) | 10 | |
| 5365898764 | Euglenozoans | 1. protists include predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, mixotrophs, and parasites 2. presence of a rod with either a spiral or a crystalline structure inside flagella |  | 11 |
| 5355917789 | Kleptoplastidy | 1. A group of euglenozoans that has a single, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA called kinetoplast 2. Example: Trypanosoma -> cause human sleeping sickness, a neurological disease, Chaga's disease (transmitted by bloodsucking in sects and can lead to congestive heart failure) | 12 | |
| 5355917790 | Chlorarachiniophytes | 1. a protist likely evolved when a heterotrophic eukaryote engulfed a green alga 2. engulfed cell, which contains a tiny vestigial nucleus, called nucleomorph | 13 | |
| 5355918163 | Mixotroph | can use chloroplasts to undergo photosynthesis if light is available or as as a heterotroph by absorbing organic nutrients from the environment (ex. euglena) |  | 14 |
| 5372818139 | Three ecological categories of protists | protozoa, fungus-like and algae | 15 | |
| 5355918164 | protozoa | ingestive, animal-like nutrition | 16 | |
| 5355918165 | fungus-like | absorptive nutrition | 17 | |
| 5372812597 | algae | photosynthetic, plant-like nutrition | 18 | |
| 5355918600 | Eukaryotic Cilium or Flagellum | 1. eukaryotic flagella are not homologous to those of prokaryotes 2. they are extensions of the cytoplasm with a support of the 9+2 microtubule system |  | 19 |
| 5372824971 | cyst | resistant cells formed by protists that can survive in harsh conditions | 20 | |
| 5355918975 | plankton 浮游生物 | communities of mostly microscopic organisms that drift in currents near the water's surface | 21 |
