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Enlightenment Flashcards

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1694824762Heliocentricthe view that the sun is at the center of the solar system0
1694824763Geocentricthe view that earth is at the center of the universe1
1694824764Galileo16th - 17th century Italian scientist who invented the telescope and proved Copernicus's theory of a heliocentric solar system2
1694824765Copernicus15th - 16th century Polish scientist who was the first to write down a theory of a heliocentric solar system3
1694824766Isaac Newton16th - 17th century English scientist who wrote the first theory of gravity and invented calculus4
1694824767Theory of Gravityany two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.5
1694824768Rousseau18th century Genevan philosopher who believed in a "social contract" where government would be freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society—a direct democracy.6
1694824769Absolute Monarchyconcept that one ruler make all decisions for a nation7
1694824770Thomas Hobbes17th century English philosopher who believed that a government must consist of a "social contract" between an absolute ruler and its people to keep people from killing each other.8
1694824771Francis Bacon17th century writer, statesman and scientist who believed that by better understanding the world, scientists would generate practical knowledge that would improve people's lives. Created Scientific Method with Rene´ Descartes.9
1694824772Scientific Methodprocess of observation, hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion.10
1694824773Rene Descartes17th century French philosopher who relied on mathematics and logic and believed that everything should be doubted until proved by reason.11
1694824774Experimentexperiment is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis.12
1694824775Voltaire18th century essayist, satirist and dramatist who advocated for freedom of expression, religion and the separation of church and state.13
1694824776Satirethe use of irony, sarcasm, or wit to attack folly, vice, or stupidity.14
1694824777Dramaa mode of fiction presented in a performance15
1694824778Montesquieu18th French philosopher who advocated for a government with separation of powers, believing that Britain was the best example.16
1694824779John Locke17th century English philosopher who believed all humans processed "natural rights" of life, liberty, health and property.17

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