Terms : Hide Images
| 2243059451 | cognition | the way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing | 0 | |
| 2243064740 | artificial intelligence | scientific field that focuses on creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelligence | 1 | |
| 2243069238 | thinking | the process of manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting critically or creatively. | 2 | |
| 2243072586 | concept | a mental category that is used to group objects, events, and characteristics. helps memory | 3 | |
| 2243075834 | prototype model | a model emphasizing that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical item in that category | 4 | |
| 2243080140 | problem solving | the mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available | 5 | |
| 2243084487 | subgoaling | setting intermediate goals or defining intermediate problems in order to be in a better position for reaching a final goal or solution | 6 | |
| 2243087170 | algorithms | strategies that guarantee solutions to a problem | 7 | |
| 2243088634 | heuristics | shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer | 8 | |
| 2243092592 | fixation | using a prior strategy and failing to look at a problem from a new perspective | 9 | |
| 2243094267 | functional fixedness | failing to solve a problem as a result of fixation on a thing's usual functions | 10 | |
| 2243097254 | thinking outside the box | exploring novel ways of approaching tasks and finding solutions. | 11 | |
| 2243100212 | reasoning | the mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions | 12 | |
| 2243103954 | inductive reasoning | reasoning from specific observations to make generalizations | 13 | |
| 2243107085 | deductive reasoning | reasoning from a general case that is known to be true to a specific instance | 14 | |
| 2243109472 | decision making | the mental activity of evaluating alternatives and choosing among them | 15 | |
| 2243113502 | confirmation bias | tendency to search for and use information that supports rather than refutes ideas (ex. a politician accepts news that supports his views and dismisses evidence to the contrary) | 16 | |
| 2243117792 | base rate fallacy | tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information (ex. you read favorable expert report on product but don't buy it when a friend tells you about a bad experience) | 17 | |
| 2243125575 | hindsight bias | tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that one accurately predicted an outcome (ex. you read about the results of a study and say "I knew that" when you had no clue) | 18 | |
| 2243132726 | Representativeness Heuristic | tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or stereotypes of a group rather than base rate info (ex. picking the dirtiest and most disheveled individual in a police line-up because they "look like" criminals) | 19 | |
| 2243143941 | availability heuristic | prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events (a child wants to be a doctor even though no one in family went to college, mother suggests aiming lower) | 20 | |
| 2243152661 | mindfulness | the state of being alert and mentally present for one's every day activities | 21 | |
| 2243155754 | open mindedness | the state of being receptive to other ways of looking at things | 22 | |
| 2243160236 | creativity | the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems | 23 | |
| 2243161682 | convergent thinking | thinking that produces the single best solution to a problem | 24 | |
| 2243163136 | divergent thinking | thinking that produces many solutions to the same problem | 25 | |
| 2243166005 | intelligence | all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience | 26 | |
| 2243168140 | validity | the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure | 27 | |
| 2243169733 | reliability | the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance | 28 | |
| 2243173359 | standardization | the development of uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test and the creation of norms for the test | 29 | |
| 2243178667 | mental age | an individual level of mental development relative to that of others | 30 | |
| 2243180280 | intelligence quotent (IQ) | an individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100 | 31 | |
| 2243186816 | normal distribution | a symmetrical, bell shaped curve, with a majority of the scores falling in the middle of the possible range and few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range | 32 | |
| 2243195111 | culture-fair tests | intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbiased | 33 | |
| 2243197654 | heritability | the proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group's members | 34 | |
| 2243203649 | Flynn Effect | The effect of education on intelligence | 35 | |
| 2243285224 | Gifted | Possessing high intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent in a particular area | 36 | |
| 2243290946 | intellectual disability | a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ usually below a 70, has difficulty adapting to everyday life | 37 | |
| 2243303808 | analytical intelligence | the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast | 38 | |
| 2243305000 | creative intelligence | the ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine | 39 | |
| 2243307177 | practical intelligence | the ability to use, apply, implement and put ideas into practice | 40 | |
| 2243312042 | triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg's theory that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical | 41 | |
| 2243316821 | verbal intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to think in words and language to express meaning (Example: author, journalist, speaker) | 42 | |
| 2243321872 | mathematical intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to carry out mathematical operations (Example: scientist, engineer, accountant) | 43 | |
| 2243325147 | spatial intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to think three dimensionally (Example: architect, artist, sailor) | 44 | |
| 2243329235 | bodily-kinesthetic intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to manipulate objects and to be physically adept (Example: surgeon, craftsperson, dancer, athlete) | 45 | |
| 2243332180 | musical intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to be sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone (Example: composer, musician) | 46 | |
| 2243335766 | interpersonal intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to understand and interact effectively with others (Example: teacher, mental health professional) | 47 | |
| 2243340828 | Intrapersonal Intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to understand oneself. (Example: theologian, psychologist) | 48 | |
| 2243344702 | naturalist intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to observe patterns in nature and understand human made systems (Example: farmer, botanist, ecologist, landscaper) | 49 | |
| 2243349842 | Existentialist Intelligence | type of intelligence which uses ability to grapple with big questions of human existence, such as the meaning of life and death (Example: philosopher) | 50 | |
| 2243354527 | Language | form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed that is based on a system of symbols | 51 | |
| 2243356519 | infinite gesturing | the ability of language to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences | 52 | |
| 2243358600 | phonology | a language's sound system. | 53 | |
| 2243360752 | morphology | a languages rules for word formation | 54 | |
| 2243363064 | morpheme | the smallest unit of language that carries meaning | 55 | |
| 2243364646 | syntax | a language's rules for combinig words to form acceptable phrases and sentences | 56 | |
| 2243366899 | semantics | the meaning of words and sentences in a particular language | 57 | |
| 2243368065 | pragmatics | the useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said | 58 | |
| 2243378541 | babbling | endlessly repeating sounds and syllables determined by biological readiness, not by the amount of reinforcement | 59 | |
| 2243437535 | cultural-familial intellectual disability | a mental deficit in which no evidence of organic brain damage can be found | 60 | |
| 2245970941 | controlled system | involves conscious reflection about an issue; slower, effortful, and analytical | 61 |
