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Fallacies - AP Language Flashcards

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5394478908Appeal for Sympathyignores the real issue by emotional appeal.0
5394492281Bandwagonstatement is assumed to be logically valid because of popular support.1
5394497340Appeal to traditioncontinue to do things as we have done them in the past. Asserts that a premise must be true because people have always believed in it or have done it.2
5394506854Slippery Slopesuggests that one step will inevitably lead to more. (weather -> toaster -> plastic surgery -> Joker -> being attacked by batman.)3
5394517278guilt by associationwhen a persons guilt or innocence is determined by the company he or she keeps. Ex: You hang around bill and bill skips school so you must skip school.4
5394529041appeal to authoritycommitted when the person making the statement is not a legitimate authority on the subject.5
5394543194Ad hominemdiscrediting an argument by attacking the person who makes it.6
5394549632straw manmisrepresented someones argument to make it easier to attack.7
5394556169equivocationTricks of language that use the same term with different meaning8
5394557799Non SequiturUsing a premise to prove a point that is often related by often quite distant. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation.9
5394566999Post hoc ergo propter hocwriter/speaker mistakenly assumes that because the first event proceeded the second event, it must mean that the first event caused the later one.10
5394573005circular reasoningStates that the first claim is initially loaded with the very conclusion one has yet to prove.11
5394579059Faulty dilemmaAll of the options are not taken into account in the solution posed by the major premise. Ex: you can either graduate and go to college or you can work at minimum wage.12
5394585228Hasty generalizationa conclusion based on an inadequate evidence or a sample that is too small. Ex: Even thought its my first day I can tell this course is going to be boring.13
5394607541Appeal to ignoranceattempts to use an opponents inability to disapprove a conclusion as proof of the validity.14
5394615071Broken WindowDestruction will benefit the economy.15
5394619157Faulty analogycomparison that is used to demonstrate a point but which is invalid16
5394621680Red herringIntroducing an unrelated or invalid point to distract the reader/audience from the actual argument.17

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