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14625378614DevelopmentalEmbryology0
1462538483011 organ systemsintegumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine(secretes in circulatory system), cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive1
14625391925Pancreas(endocrine & exocrine gland) located in the abdomen close to the stomach. Endo- releases insulin & glucagon2
14625396671lymphatic system functionsdefends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream3
14625401863positive feedbackContinuous stimulation: child birth & bleeding4
14625418363Review Regions, muscular system, bones,5
14625422677Proximaltoward the body6
14625425785distalaway from the point of attachment7
14625439226dorsal body cavityincludes the cranial (brain)and spinal cavities.8
14625448576AnteriorVental9
14625449245PosteriorDorsal10
14625452143Parietal layerlines cavity11
14625453639Visceral layercovers external surface of organs12
14625461470ingiunaliliac13
14625464600epigastric regionstomach, gallblader*14
14625471447electromagnetic energyThe energy of light and other forms of radiation.15
14625473891edothermicchemical reaction that take in thermal energy16
14625474637ExothermicChemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat17
14625475533Lesser Elements of the Human Bodycalcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iodine*, iron18
14625476566Major elementsoxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen19
14625480256Alphadoesn't go through flesh20
14625481388betagoes through flesh, not aluminum21
14625483004gamma raysstopped by lead22
14625491227Cytosolliquid portion of cytoplasm23
14625494840cytoplasmcytosol and organelles24
14625503139ionic bondFormed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another25
14625506456polardipole; having a pair of equal and opposite charges26
14625509637covalent bondA chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule27
14625514596CO2+H2Ocarbonic acid28
14625518916Acidosisdecreases in blood PH, speed up29
14625522897AlkalosisThe buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.30
14625525439dehydration synthesisRemove water to connect two monomers together to store energy,ANABOLIC SYNTHESIS31
14625531446Catabolicbreak down, adding water32
14625535728Unsaturated fatty acidhas double bond, able to break down33
14625538377NucleusChromosone and. genes34
14625544947study structure of cell35
14625551019DNA transcribed tomRNA always begins with the sequence36
14625554451mRNA (messenger RNA)translated protein37
14625558505tRNA (transfer RNA)The form of RNA that carries each amino acid to the ribsome to form the polypeptide chain (protein)38
14625565044Hydrophilicwater loving, Plasma membrane: channel protein*39
14625578553active processesEnergy (ATP) required Occurs only in living cell membranes; going against concentrations gradient40
14625584747primary active transportActive transport in which ATP is hydrolyzed, yielding the energy required to transport an ion or molecule against its concentration gradient.41
14625588155secondary active transportForm of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport .(piggy back a ride)42
14625593378vesicular transportendocytosis and exocytosis phagocytosis43
14625597347PinocytosisCell drinking44
14625601908hydrostatic pressureThe pressure of water against the walls of its container or membrane45
14625606764osmotic pressuretendency of water to move into cell by osmosis46
14625613071DepolarizationThe process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.47
14625615676Hyponatriumexcess water dilutes and therefore decreases the sodium levels in the blood48
14625624424Hypertonic0.9%49
14625625735hypotonic solution*Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water50
14625635997InterphaseG1, S(duplicates DNA), and G2 phases51
14625637307MitosisPMAT52
14625645324connective tissue(MOST ABUNDENT TISSUE)A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts53
14625650766gap juctionscommunication54
14625651668tight junctionsseal cells together55
14625656400AChneurotransmitter involved in memory and movement - too little is associated with Alzheimer's56
14625662495Polaritytop, bottom-basalt57
14625666606Desmosomesbind cells together58
14625667592Hemidesmosomesattach epithelial cells to the basement membrane59
14625673310endocrinesecreting internally60
14625673311exocrine glandssecretes externally61
14625675593Mode of secretionmerocrine(sweat,pancreas), holocrine, apocrine62
14625677315connective tissuecartilage, blood, fat?, bone, connective tissue proper63
14625686709hematopoetic tissuegives rise to blood64
14625701138layers of epidermisstratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale65
14625702652Meissner's corpusclessensitive touch receptors in the dermis66
14625704142friction ridgesfingerprints67
14625704865dermal papillaea fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch)68
14625707602reticular layerDeeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients69
14625714461vitiligowhite patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders70
14625716693straitstretch marks, dermal layer of skin tear71
14625717549Burns1st(epidermis), 2nd(+dermis) and 3rd(++hypodermis) degree burns. Tissue damage cause by extreme heat.72
14625727593Six functions of the skinProtection, absorption, secretion, excretion, regulation, sensation73
14625739277KeratinocytesThe most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.74
14625740711blood reservoirup to 5% of body's blood volume75
14625742139EumelaninProduces brown to black pigments in the hair76
14625743052Pheomelaninreddish-yellow pigment77
14625744647Caroteneyellow-orange pigment78
14625744648Hemoglobinpinkish hue lower levels of melanin, Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells79
14625752434eecrine glandsbody temp80
14625754282ceruminous glandsmodified sweat glands, located in external ear canal, secretes cerumen (earwax)81
14625756351Melanomamost dangerous, ABCDE, black tumor82
14625759987Rule 9dehydration, main concern of burn83
14625766054Muscle Systemtransportation84
14625766921skeletal systemlevers85
14625768228hyaline cartilageMost common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose86
14625771980Fibrocartilagegreater tonsil strength87
14625772574206 bonesaxial: skull,vertabrae, rids appendicular: limbs& griddles88
14625783608osteoclasts(resorb?) and osteoblastsAfter bones form, __________ and __________ continually remodel them.89
14625786525osteiodorganic matrix of bone90
14625794053compact boneevery 10 yrs:Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone91
14625808980RicketsVitamin D deficiency, bowed legged in children92
14625814207Vomerforms the inferior portion of the nasal septum93
14625817178kyphosishunchback94
14625817179lordosisswayback, pregnant woman95
14625819553spondyolisthesisforward slipping of one vertebra over another96
14625823396collesnear the wrist at distal end of the radius97
14625826671pottes fracturetarsals(remember pedal)98
14625836094fibularnon weight bearing99
14625839993Facsiaa thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ100
14625841857structure of jointsfibrous, cartilaginous, synovial101
14625844822interosseousbetween bones102
14625846390sytharthroses, diatheses, amphithroses?movements103
14625851124synovial jointsfreely movable joints104
14625857604sarcoflesh105
14625860338insertionmoves towards orgin106
14625863148Elasticityrecoil(muscle)107
14625873301Troponinregulatory protein that binds to actin, tropomyosin, and calcium(heart attacks?)108
14625896771EPOCpayback?, post exercise oxygen consumption109
14625909538Isometric contractionsyoga110
14625911691prime mover (agonist)produces movement111
14625914244convergent fascicle arrangementpectoralis major112
146259159281st class lever systemhead up113
146259159292nd class lever systemtip toes114
146259179183rd class lever115
14625919041facial movement muscles116
14625927721radial nerveSensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.117
14625928615ulnar nerveSensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.118
14625929534insular?119
14625932411special senses includesmell, taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium120
14625933610hematropic?121
14634602915Foramenan opening or a hole in a bone which blood vessels, nerves, ligaments pass through122
14634606285mandiblesingle. unpaired. bone in human skull123
14634609352occipital bone typeflat bone124
14634611685temporal bone. articulates wmandible125
14634614588true ribsfirst 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum126
14634617676kyphosishunchback127
14634618553herniated disc (slipped disc)protrusion of the nucleus pulpous posteriorly. into one of the adjacent veritable buddies in the veritable canal128
14634624883sphenoid boneforms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit, contains the pituitary gland129
14634634316Humerusarticulates w the scapula at the glenoid cavity130
14634637037glenohumeral jointThe synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder, humerus and scapula131
14634645119pubic symphysisthe coxal bones unite anteriorly at the joint called the132
14634650123obturator foramenlargest foramen in the skeleton133
14634654328halluaxbig toe134
14634655496fibrocartilage locationintervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of KNEE joint135
14634660759hydroxiapatitecomponent of bone that contributes to its hardness136
14634663943OsteomalaciaVitamin D deficiency in adults137
14634668921atlas occipital condylesnods yes, C1138
14634674807dens on the axisC2, shakes no139
14634690767the opening of ligand gates on the sarcolemma is directly caused by-ACh attachment -calcium influx into the motor neuron -sodium influx into the motor neuron -acetycholinesterease activity140
14634704560Epimysiumoutermost layer surrounding the muscle141
14634706375anaerobic cellular respirationthe process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen(15 sec-1 minute?)142
14634710139intercalated discsAttachment sites between the transverse lines between CARDIAC muscle cells143
14634713223concentricmuscle shortens (pull up)144
14634715736Eecentric contractionmuscle lengthens145
14634726420First class lever systemnods yes146
14634770537fixatorstabilizes the origin of a prime mover(agonist)147
14634774276external intercostalselevates ribs during inspiration148
14634777406herniaprotrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it149
14634790442enteric nervous systemThe nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within teh Gi tract, and is linked to the central nervous system.150
14634795108diverging circuitone nerve fiber branches and synapses with several postsynaptic cells151
14634796530reverberating circuitInvolved in control of rhythmic activities such as breathing.152
14634800130Plasticitychange based on experience153
14634803708Aponeurosis(sheet like extension of epimysium)strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone154
14634806461tropomyosinin a resting muscle cell, myosin-binding sites are blocked by155
14634810313sarcoplasmic reticulumwhen a muscle cell is at rest, most of the intercellular calcium is stored in156
14634815535calcium ions bond with troppin, associated with actin. Binding causes tropomyosin to move into actin grove, causing it to spin157
14634818102ATPwhat substance must bind to myosin heads in order for them to detach from the thin filaments?158
14634820872trapshrug159
14634821513active transporthow does calcium reenter the terminal cisterns after muscle contractions160
14634828049fatty acidmajor source of fuel after 30min of exercise161
14634835695sartoriuslongest muscle in the body, aducts and rotates thigh laterally162
14634845349Creatinediving163
14634849571third class leversgreat speed, but mechanical disadvatage164
14634852785depolarizesAn excitatory neurotransmitter _____ the postsynaptic membrane.165
14634857560flexionforming a fist166
14634858888latissimus dorsiall developed in swimmers167
14634872256Diencephalonthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus168

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