289739965 | BC vs BCE- AD vs CE | before Christ=before common era Anno Domini= current era | 0 | |
289739966 | Julian vs Gregorian calendar | we use gregorian- pope gregory the 8th no one uses julian- julius cesar | 1 | |
289739967 | Harappa/ Mohenjo- Daro | the 2 cities of the Indus valley civilization | 2 | |
289739968 | sumerians | city states that fought each other, no central govt | 3 | |
289739969 | agricultural revolution | the change from gathering to food production civilized people | 4 | |
289739970 | common staple crops during the agricultural revolution | grains and rice | 5 | |
289739971 | womens role in agriculture | planting, growing, cultivating | 6 | |
289739972 | semetic language family | family of languages spoken in parts if western asia and N africa hebrew, phoenician, arabic | 7 | |
289739973 | Hammurabi | an eye for an eye, code of law | 8 | |
289739974 | Akkadian | took over Sumerians made first mesopotamian empire king sargon led to take over sumeria | 9 | |
289739975 | Menes | egyptian pharaoh combined upper + lower egypt | 10 | |
289739976 | Khufu | egyptian pharaoh had the larger of the pyramids at the plain of giza body was located inside the pyramid instead of under | 11 | |
289739977 | Djoser | 3rd dynasty king constructed a step pyamid | 12 | |
289739978 | procession of mummification | remove organs, stuff with packing material, soak in dehydrating and perserving chem, wrap in linen organs in canopic jars, brain thrown out natron- salt to dehyrdate | 13 | |
289739979 | Egyptian womens rights | could own property, inherit from parents, own rights over dowry incase a divorce, will property to whoever | 14 | |
289739980 | cueiforms meaning | wedge shaped symbols | 15 | |
289739981 | papyrus | to make sails, paper from papyrus leaves | 16 | |
289739982 | Herodotus' name for egypt | gift of the nile | 17 | |
289739983 | rosetta stone | only reason why we can decode Hierogliphs 3 languages- greek, hiero, demotic speech by ptolomy- greek pharoah | 18 | |
289739984 | the book of the dead | contained rituals and spells to protect the journeying spirit to the afterlife | 19 | |
289739985 | Horus | falcon headed sun god | 20 | |
289739986 | Babylon | capital for babylonians nepikinezzar amorites created it | 21 | |
289739987 | catal huyuk | one of the oldest cities in the world in turkey | 22 | |
289739988 | loess | yellowish brown dust gives the yellow river its distinctive hue and name | 23 | |
289739989 | xia | ancient dynasty that ruled the core region of the yellow river valley founded by yu the great | 24 | |
289739990 | zhou | dynasty founded by emperor wu | 25 | |
289739991 | daoism | eastablished by laozi says that ppl are natural no ruler "go with the flow" find your own path | 26 | |
289739992 | confucius | started confucionism men are good father- like ruler | 27 | |
289739993 | confucius impact on chinese culture | father like ruler men are superior civil service exam | 28 | |
289739994 | 5 social relationships of confucius | ruler- subject husband- wife father- child elder brother- younger brother friend- friend left is superior | 29 | |
289739995 | the analects | main writings of confucius in a book | 30 | |
289739996 | han fei | believed men are bad, started legalism, a dictator | 31 | |
289739997 | shang rulers diviation powers | oracle bones, telling the future heat bones, they crack from heat, read cracks | 32 | |
289739998 | Feng shui | buildings that symbolized the order imposed by gods and monarchs alignments of buildings and furniture for religious purposes | 33 | |
289739999 | chavin | south america one of the earliest cultures of the americas | 34 | |
289740000 | olmec | mexico made giant stone heads | 35 | |
289740001 | yahweh | stern + warlike god made agreement with israelites: they would be his "chosen people" if they promised to worship him is "the" god | 36 | |
289740002 | torah | scroll form of the hebrew bible- the old testiment | 37 | |
289740003 | moses | led the isrealites out of captivity from the pharoahs who enslaved them for building purposes was an islrealite with connections to the egyptian royal family | 38 | |
289740004 | abraham | rejected the traditional idol worship said there is only one god became a wandering group of herders, ended up in israel | 39 | |
289740005 | children of israel | divided into 12 tribes supposedly descended from the sons of jacob and joseph | 40 | |
289740006 | david | made the ark of covenant in jerusalem, making jerusalem religious set up the christianity monarch | 41 | |
289740007 | solomon | marks the high point for the christianity monarchy linked trades near and distant lands | 42 | |
289740008 | Hatshepsut | only woman to claim royal title in New kingdom egypt dressed like a man so ppl would take her seriously | 43 | |
289740009 | akhenaten | only believed in the god Aten invented monotheism- believing in only one god closed temples and destroyed everything of other gods | 44 | |
289740010 | phoenicians | the major ancient civilization in the nations of syria and palestine | 45 | |
289740011 | hittites | foremost power in anotolia 1200-2000 BCE | 46 | |
289740012 | Ahuramazda | god of pure goodness zorostrianism battles to rid the world of evil | 47 | |
289740013 | beliefs of zoroasttrianism | good and evil, influenced christianity left bodies out on a high platue to rot and for the voltures to eat them | 48 | |
289740014 | person who unified persia | cyrus | 49 | |
289740015 | darius the great | extended persian control made canal linking red sea with the nile largest empire the world has yet seen | 50 | |
289740016 | alexander the great | started the hellenistic age- lands conquered by alex was influenced by greek culture took over persian empire macedonian (greek) blended macedonian + persian cultures | 51 | |
289740017 | father of history | herodotus | 52 | |
289740018 | persian royal road | links susa and sardis empires for connections | 53 | |
289740019 | pericles | lead athenians in pelopenesian war | 54 | |
289740020 | oligarchy | govt that is run by the aristocrats | 55 | |
289740021 | cleopatra | wife of 2 ptolomys, julius cesar, mark anthony | 56 | |
289740022 | socrates | wisest man in athens, philosopher divided philosophy in 2 groups- philosophers + socratics put on trial for his opinions, people thought he corrupted others, drank hemlock | 57 | |
289740023 | lover of wisdom | philosophers | 58 | |
289740024 | teacher of alexander the great | aristotle | 59 | |
289740025 | fighters of the persian war | persia + greece | 60 | |
289740026 | satraps | a governor of darius's empire important duty was to collect and send tribute to king | 61 | |
289740027 | zues | greek god, most powerful + important | 62 | |
289740028 | meaning of shi huangdi | first emperor | 63 | |
289740029 | emperor established Han dynasty | liu bang | 64 | |
289740030 | legalism | an idea that poeple can be controlled only through many laws and harsh punishment | 65 | |
289740031 | terracotta warriors | stone soldiers guarding emperor shi huangdi of the qin | 66 | |
289740032 | how the qin unified china | took over and conquered everyone, unifying them | 67 | |
289740033 | warring states period | china was divided among rival states with frequent hostiles the qin dynasty took over several states creating china | 68 | |
289740034 | inventions during the Han | watermill- move sources of water horse collar, paper, crossbow | 69 | |
289740035 | most exported item from china during Han | silk | 70 | |
289740036 | chinese social classes | 1. gentry- aristocracy 2. peasants 3. merchants and artisans | 71 | |
289740037 | pax romania | roman peace | 72 | |
289740038 | roman law code | law of the 12 tables brought all of the laws together | 73 | |
289740039 | leading political force in roman republic | the senate | 74 | |
289740040 | roman emperor convert empire to christianity | theodosius | 75 | |
289740041 | roman emperor converted to being a christian | constantine after a horroble battle in which he won, he saw a cross in the sky and realized there was enough killing | 76 | |
289740042 | romanization | the spread of latin language and roman life | 77 | |
289740043 | byzantine empire | centered around constantinople, eastern european orthodox christian | 78 | |
289740044 | gentile | non jews | 79 | |
289740045 | the messiah | jesus "the anoited one" | 80 | |
289740046 | paul | a jew from the city Taruas spread the tachings of jesus kept christianity going | 81 | |
289740047 | council of nicaea | decided the father, son, and the holy ghost for christianity | 82 | |
289740048 | romulus | popular legend cast adrift on the tiber river as a baby, nursed by a she wolf founded the city of rome | 83 | |
289740049 | patricians vs plebians | patricians- elite plebians- rest of society | 84 | |
289740050 | four noble truths | 1. everyone suffers 2. desire causes suffering 3. eliminating desire, achieve nirvana 4. the way to nirvana is throught the "eight- fold path" | 85 | |
289740051 | Buddhas experience that led to enlightenment | saw an old person, sick person, a dead body, and a hindu monk | 86 | |
289740052 | stupa | large earthen mounds that symbolized the universe ancient buddhist structure | 87 | |
289740053 | buddhist based empire | ashoka created an empire (mauryan empire) on buddhism bc of the bad things he saw when his empire collapsed | 88 | |
289740054 | bodhisattvas | ppl who have achieved enlightenment and were on the threshold of nirvana but chose to be reborn into mortal bodies to help others along the path to salvation | 89 | |
289740055 | mahayana | embraced the popular new features of buddhism great vehicle NE Asia one of the 2 major branches of buddhism | 90 | |
289740056 | therevada | followed most of the original teachings of the founder of buddhism SE Asia other of the 2 major branches of buddhism | 91 | |
289740057 | nirvana | to minimize desire and suffering enlightenment for buddhism | 92 | |
289740058 | karma | good or bad deeds depends on the body you have for the next life bad deeds will punish you in the next life | 93 | |
289788246 | vedic age | named after the vedas- religious texts that are our main source of info about the period | 94 | |
289788247 | ganesha | eliphant headed god | 95 | |
289788248 | parts of brahman | 1. Brahma- creator 2. Vishnu- preserver 3. Shiva- destroyer | 96 | |
289788249 | Jati | hindu sub castes | 97 | |
289788250 | Sanyasi | Hindu monk | 98 | |
289788251 | Atman | reincarnated soul | 99 | |
289788252 | Henotheism | idea of one god with many parts | 100 | |
289788253 | Sati | when a hindu woman's husband dies, she must fling herself onto a fire with her husbands corpse in it | 101 | |
289788254 | Ganges | a river in India Hindus thought all life came from it, when they died their ashes would go into it | 102 | |
289788255 | Moksha | Hinduism release from reincarnation | 103 | |
289788256 | Muhammad | the messanger of god the words of god was given to him through the angel gabriel | 104 | |
289788257 | Mecca | prosperous merchant city muslims must visit this place, during the Hajj, once in their life muhammads home city | 105 | |
289788258 | Meaning of Islam and Muslim | Islam- submission to the will of Allah, the religion Muslim- one who submits, person who practices the religion | 106 | |
289788259 | Medina | where muhammad and his followers fled to after the leaders of Mecca tried to prosecute them | 107 | |
289788260 | Jihad | Holly war against infadels- people who dont believe in Islam | 108 | |
289788261 | Ali | the 4th caliph Muhammads cousin and husband of his daughter fatima father of husayn | 109 | |
289788262 | Abu Bakr | friend of muhammad first successor (caliph) after muhammad died | 110 | |
289788263 | Husayn | revolted to reestablish the right of Ali's (his) family to continue to rule yazid killed him and his family because of this | 111 | |
289788264 | Umayyad Empire | capital in Damascus the name for the umayyad caliphate who wanted to keep choosing the caliphs- sunnis | 112 | |
289788265 | Jerusalem | the holy city of Islam, Christianity and Judaism | 113 | |
289788266 | quran | the recitation the verses of revelation in a single document gathered into chapters | 114 | |
289788267 | Ishmael | son of abraham | 115 | |
289788268 | Capital of Abbasid Empire | Baghdad Shi'ite capital | 116 | |
289788269 | Turkic slaves military force | Mamluks | 117 | |
289788270 | Saracens | what the muslims are known as during the crusades | 118 | |
289788271 | Mosque | the muslim church, points towards Mecca | 119 | |
289788272 | First crusade | Jerusalem falls to the Europeans successful killed 70,000 ppl, "the streets ran with blood" | 120 | |
289788273 | Gabriel | the angel that spoke to Muhammad in a cave outside of Mecca told him the words from God | 121 | |
289788274 | Plague of Justinian | bubonic (black) plague named after the ruler of the time | 122 | |
289788275 | fourth crusade | catholisism vs orthodox catholic won when they sacked constantinople | 123 | |
289788276 | Difference between Catholic and orthodox | Catholic- Pope, W Europe Orthodox- Byzantine Empire, no pope | 124 | |
289788277 | The Hagia Sophia | Sacred wisdom cathedral in constantinople | 125 | |
289788278 | Vladimir I and relationship to Orthodox Christianity | grand prince of Kieve made the Kievan empire orthodox christianity | 126 | |
289788279 | Cryrillic | writing system by cyril and methodius | 127 | |
289788280 | cathay | what Marco Polo called the chinese people | 128 | |
289788281 | Tang Dynasty's religion | Buddhism Mahayana | 129 | |
289827469 | Charles Martel | stopped the Muslims at Tours, France | 130 | |
289827470 | Chinese maritime inventions | the junk, compass, triangle sails | 131 | |
289827471 | civil service test | neo confucious used to find people govt jobs | 132 | |
289827472 | junks | main chinese ocean going ships | 133 | |
289827473 | footbinding | made fashionable by a prince bc he saw a beautiful dancer w/ small feet bronze, silver, golden lotus | 134 | |
289827474 | Innovations of the Song empire | gun powder, water powered clock | 135 | |
289827475 | Su song | made the water powered clock that helped with astronomy | 136 | |
289827476 | champa rice | fast growing rice from vietnam | 137 | |
289827477 | gun powder | used for fireworks and shooting arrows | 138 | |
289827478 | Kami | spirits or souls for shintoism | 139 | |
289827479 | Shinto | religion of Japan | 140 | |
289827480 | Kamukura Shogunate | feudalism the first military dictatorship in Japan | 141 | |
289827481 | Daimyo | provides Samurais ro shoguns, in the Japanese warrior class | 142 | |
289827482 | Samurai | wariors who worked for Daimyo | 143 | |
289827483 | Chan Buddhism in Japan | "Zen"- Japan Buddhism | 144 | |
289827484 | Uighurs | new Turkic group, took much of inner Asia | 145 | |
289827485 | Fief | a grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service | 146 | |
289827486 | Unified Korea | Koryo relations with the song | 147 | |
289827487 | Song system of credit | flying money | 148 | |
289827488 | Cacao | chocolate bitter drink | 149 | |
289827489 | Atahualpa | last incan leader | 150 | |
289827490 | Moctezuma II | last ruler of the Aztecs over thrown by Hernan Cortes | 151 | |
289827491 | Terrace Farming | farming on hills, digging niches in the hillside | 152 | |
289827492 | Takal | Mayan capital | 153 | |
289827493 | Llamas and Alpacas | one of the most important animals to the Andes civilization | 154 | |
289827494 | Quetzalcoatl | feather headed serpent god of agriculture and arts sacrifice | 155 | |
289827495 | Cuzco | capital of the Inca | 156 | |
289827496 | Tenochtitlan | one of the twin capitals of the Aztec | 157 | |
289827497 | Khipus | a system of knotted cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit info | 158 | |
289827498 | Teotihuacan | city existed before the Aztecs | 159 | |
289827499 | Vasco da Gama | ... | 160 | |
289827500 | Conquistadors | took over the native people of the Americas | 161 | |
289827501 | Hernan Cortes | known for conquering the Aztecs and Maya | 162 | |
289827502 | Columbian Exchange | the transfer of people, animals, plants and diseases between the new and old world | 163 | |
289827503 | Trans- Atlantic slave trade | the system of slave trade that went from Africa to the Americas to anywhere else | 164 | |
289827504 | Middle passage | when the slaves went from Africa to America | 165 | |
289827505 | Council of the Indies | supervised all govt eccelesiastical and commercial activity in the spanish colonies | 166 | |
289827506 | The encomienda | when Amerindians were forced to provide settlers with labor | 167 |
Final Exam Flashcards
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