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289739965BC vs BCE- AD vs CEbefore Christ=before common era Anno Domini= current era0
289739966Julian vs Gregorian calendarwe use gregorian- pope gregory the 8th no one uses julian- julius cesar1
289739967Harappa/ Mohenjo- Darothe 2 cities of the Indus valley civilization2
289739968sumerianscity states that fought each other, no central govt3
289739969agricultural revolutionthe change from gathering to food production civilized people4
289739970common staple crops during the agricultural revolutiongrains and rice5
289739971womens role in agricultureplanting, growing, cultivating6
289739972semetic language familyfamily of languages spoken in parts if western asia and N africa hebrew, phoenician, arabic7
289739973Hammurabian eye for an eye, code of law8
289739974Akkadiantook over Sumerians made first mesopotamian empire king sargon led to take over sumeria9
289739975Menesegyptian pharaoh combined upper + lower egypt10
289739976Khufuegyptian pharaoh had the larger of the pyramids at the plain of giza body was located inside the pyramid instead of under11
289739977Djoser3rd dynasty king constructed a step pyamid12
289739978procession of mummificationremove organs, stuff with packing material, soak in dehydrating and perserving chem, wrap in linen organs in canopic jars, brain thrown out natron- salt to dehyrdate13
289739979Egyptian womens rightscould own property, inherit from parents, own rights over dowry incase a divorce, will property to whoever14
289739980cueiforms meaningwedge shaped symbols15
289739981papyrusto make sails, paper from papyrus leaves16
289739982Herodotus' name for egyptgift of the nile17
289739983rosetta stoneonly reason why we can decode Hierogliphs 3 languages- greek, hiero, demotic speech by ptolomy- greek pharoah18
289739984the book of the deadcontained rituals and spells to protect the journeying spirit to the afterlife19
289739985Horusfalcon headed sun god20
289739986Babyloncapital for babylonians nepikinezzar amorites created it21
289739987catal huyukone of the oldest cities in the world in turkey22
289739988loessyellowish brown dust gives the yellow river its distinctive hue and name23
289739989xiaancient dynasty that ruled the core region of the yellow river valley founded by yu the great24
289739990zhoudynasty founded by emperor wu25
289739991daoismeastablished by laozi says that ppl are natural no ruler "go with the flow" find your own path26
289739992confuciusstarted confucionism men are good father- like ruler27
289739993confucius impact on chinese culturefather like ruler men are superior civil service exam28
2897399945 social relationships of confuciusruler- subject husband- wife father- child elder brother- younger brother friend- friend left is superior29
289739995the analectsmain writings of confucius in a book30
289739996han feibelieved men are bad, started legalism, a dictator31
289739997shang rulers diviation powersoracle bones, telling the future heat bones, they crack from heat, read cracks32
289739998Feng shuibuildings that symbolized the order imposed by gods and monarchs alignments of buildings and furniture for religious purposes33
289739999chavinsouth america one of the earliest cultures of the americas34
289740000olmecmexico made giant stone heads35
289740001yahwehstern + warlike god made agreement with israelites: they would be his "chosen people" if they promised to worship him is "the" god36
289740002torahscroll form of the hebrew bible- the old testiment37
289740003mosesled the isrealites out of captivity from the pharoahs who enslaved them for building purposes was an islrealite with connections to the egyptian royal family38
289740004abrahamrejected the traditional idol worship said there is only one god became a wandering group of herders, ended up in israel39
289740005children of israeldivided into 12 tribes supposedly descended from the sons of jacob and joseph40
289740006davidmade the ark of covenant in jerusalem, making jerusalem religious set up the christianity monarch41
289740007solomonmarks the high point for the christianity monarchy linked trades near and distant lands42
289740008Hatshepsutonly woman to claim royal title in New kingdom egypt dressed like a man so ppl would take her seriously43
289740009akhenatenonly believed in the god Aten invented monotheism- believing in only one god closed temples and destroyed everything of other gods44
289740010phoeniciansthe major ancient civilization in the nations of syria and palestine45
289740011hittitesforemost power in anotolia 1200-2000 BCE46
289740012Ahuramazdagod of pure goodness zorostrianism battles to rid the world of evil47
289740013beliefs of zoroasttrianismgood and evil, influenced christianity left bodies out on a high platue to rot and for the voltures to eat them48
289740014person who unified persiacyrus49
289740015darius the greatextended persian control made canal linking red sea with the nile largest empire the world has yet seen50
289740016alexander the greatstarted the hellenistic age- lands conquered by alex was influenced by greek culture took over persian empire macedonian (greek) blended macedonian + persian cultures51
289740017father of historyherodotus52
289740018persian royal roadlinks susa and sardis empires for connections53
289740019pericleslead athenians in pelopenesian war54
289740020oligarchygovt that is run by the aristocrats55
289740021cleopatrawife of 2 ptolomys, julius cesar, mark anthony56
289740022socrateswisest man in athens, philosopher divided philosophy in 2 groups- philosophers + socratics put on trial for his opinions, people thought he corrupted others, drank hemlock57
289740023lover of wisdomphilosophers58
289740024teacher of alexander the greataristotle59
289740025fighters of the persian warpersia + greece60
289740026satrapsa governor of darius's empire important duty was to collect and send tribute to king61
289740027zuesgreek god, most powerful + important62
289740028meaning of shi huangdifirst emperor63
289740029emperor established Han dynastyliu bang64
289740030legalisman idea that poeple can be controlled only through many laws and harsh punishment65
289740031terracotta warriorsstone soldiers guarding emperor shi huangdi of the qin66
289740032how the qin unified chinatook over and conquered everyone, unifying them67
289740033warring states periodchina was divided among rival states with frequent hostiles the qin dynasty took over several states creating china68
289740034inventions during the Hanwatermill- move sources of water horse collar, paper, crossbow69
289740035most exported item from china during Hansilk70
289740036chinese social classes1. gentry- aristocracy 2. peasants 3. merchants and artisans71
289740037pax romaniaroman peace72
289740038roman law codelaw of the 12 tables brought all of the laws together73
289740039leading political force in roman republicthe senate74
289740040roman emperor convert empire to christianitytheodosius75
289740041roman emperor converted to being a christianconstantine after a horroble battle in which he won, he saw a cross in the sky and realized there was enough killing76
289740042romanizationthe spread of latin language and roman life77
289740043byzantine empirecentered around constantinople, eastern european orthodox christian78
289740044gentilenon jews79
289740045the messiahjesus "the anoited one"80
289740046paula jew from the city Taruas spread the tachings of jesus kept christianity going81
289740047council of nicaeadecided the father, son, and the holy ghost for christianity82
289740048romuluspopular legend cast adrift on the tiber river as a baby, nursed by a she wolf founded the city of rome83
289740049patricians vs plebianspatricians- elite plebians- rest of society84
289740050four noble truths1. everyone suffers 2. desire causes suffering 3. eliminating desire, achieve nirvana 4. the way to nirvana is throught the "eight- fold path"85
289740051Buddhas experience that led to enlightenmentsaw an old person, sick person, a dead body, and a hindu monk86
289740052stupalarge earthen mounds that symbolized the universe ancient buddhist structure87
289740053buddhist based empireashoka created an empire (mauryan empire) on buddhism bc of the bad things he saw when his empire collapsed88
289740054bodhisattvasppl who have achieved enlightenment and were on the threshold of nirvana but chose to be reborn into mortal bodies to help others along the path to salvation89
289740055mahayanaembraced the popular new features of buddhism great vehicle NE Asia one of the 2 major branches of buddhism90
289740056therevadafollowed most of the original teachings of the founder of buddhism SE Asia other of the 2 major branches of buddhism91
289740057nirvanato minimize desire and suffering enlightenment for buddhism92
289740058karmagood or bad deeds depends on the body you have for the next life bad deeds will punish you in the next life93
289788246vedic agenamed after the vedas- religious texts that are our main source of info about the period94
289788247ganeshaeliphant headed god95
289788248parts of brahman1. Brahma- creator 2. Vishnu- preserver 3. Shiva- destroyer96
289788249Jatihindu sub castes97
289788250SanyasiHindu monk98
289788251Atmanreincarnated soul99
289788252Henotheismidea of one god with many parts100
289788253Satiwhen a hindu woman's husband dies, she must fling herself onto a fire with her husbands corpse in it101
289788254Gangesa river in India Hindus thought all life came from it, when they died their ashes would go into it102
289788255MokshaHinduism release from reincarnation103
289788256Muhammadthe messanger of god the words of god was given to him through the angel gabriel104
289788257Meccaprosperous merchant city muslims must visit this place, during the Hajj, once in their life muhammads home city105
289788258Meaning of Islam and MuslimIslam- submission to the will of Allah, the religion Muslim- one who submits, person who practices the religion106
289788259Medinawhere muhammad and his followers fled to after the leaders of Mecca tried to prosecute them107
289788260JihadHolly war against infadels- people who dont believe in Islam108
289788261Alithe 4th caliph Muhammads cousin and husband of his daughter fatima father of husayn109
289788262Abu Bakrfriend of muhammad first successor (caliph) after muhammad died110
289788263Husaynrevolted to reestablish the right of Ali's (his) family to continue to rule yazid killed him and his family because of this111
289788264Umayyad Empirecapital in Damascus the name for the umayyad caliphate who wanted to keep choosing the caliphs- sunnis112
289788265Jerusalemthe holy city of Islam, Christianity and Judaism113
289788266quranthe recitation the verses of revelation in a single document gathered into chapters114
289788267Ishmaelson of abraham115
289788268Capital of Abbasid EmpireBaghdad Shi'ite capital116
289788269Turkic slaves military forceMamluks117
289788270Saracenswhat the muslims are known as during the crusades118
289788271Mosquethe muslim church, points towards Mecca119
289788272First crusadeJerusalem falls to the Europeans successful killed 70,000 ppl, "the streets ran with blood"120
289788273Gabrielthe angel that spoke to Muhammad in a cave outside of Mecca told him the words from God121
289788274Plague of Justinianbubonic (black) plague named after the ruler of the time122
289788275fourth crusadecatholisism vs orthodox catholic won when they sacked constantinople123
289788276Difference between Catholic and orthodoxCatholic- Pope, W Europe Orthodox- Byzantine Empire, no pope124
289788277The Hagia SophiaSacred wisdom cathedral in constantinople125
289788278Vladimir I and relationship to Orthodox Christianitygrand prince of Kieve made the Kievan empire orthodox christianity126
289788279Cryrillicwriting system by cyril and methodius127
289788280cathaywhat Marco Polo called the chinese people128
289788281Tang Dynasty's religionBuddhism Mahayana129
289827469Charles Martelstopped the Muslims at Tours, France130
289827470Chinese maritime inventionsthe junk, compass, triangle sails131
289827471civil service testneo confucious used to find people govt jobs132
289827472junksmain chinese ocean going ships133
289827473footbindingmade fashionable by a prince bc he saw a beautiful dancer w/ small feet bronze, silver, golden lotus134
289827474Innovations of the Song empiregun powder, water powered clock135
289827475Su songmade the water powered clock that helped with astronomy136
289827476champa ricefast growing rice from vietnam137
289827477gun powderused for fireworks and shooting arrows138
289827478Kamispirits or souls for shintoism139
289827479Shintoreligion of Japan140
289827480Kamukura Shogunatefeudalism the first military dictatorship in Japan141
289827481Daimyoprovides Samurais ro shoguns, in the Japanese warrior class142
289827482Samuraiwariors who worked for Daimyo143
289827483Chan Buddhism in Japan"Zen"- Japan Buddhism144
289827484Uighursnew Turkic group, took much of inner Asia145
289827485Fiefa grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service146
289827486Unified KoreaKoryo relations with the song147
289827487Song system of creditflying money148
289827488Cacaochocolate bitter drink149
289827489Atahualpalast incan leader150
289827490Moctezuma IIlast ruler of the Aztecs over thrown by Hernan Cortes151
289827491Terrace Farmingfarming on hills, digging niches in the hillside152
289827492TakalMayan capital153
289827493Llamas and Alpacasone of the most important animals to the Andes civilization154
289827494Quetzalcoatlfeather headed serpent god of agriculture and arts sacrifice155
289827495Cuzcocapital of the Inca156
289827496Tenochtitlanone of the twin capitals of the Aztec157
289827497Khipusa system of knotted cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit info158
289827498Teotihuacancity existed before the Aztecs159
289827499Vasco da Gama...160
289827500Conquistadorstook over the native people of the Americas161
289827501Hernan Cortesknown for conquering the Aztecs and Maya162
289827502Columbian Exchangethe transfer of people, animals, plants and diseases between the new and old world163
289827503Trans- Atlantic slave tradethe system of slave trade that went from Africa to the Americas to anywhere else164
289827504Middle passagewhen the slaves went from Africa to America165
289827505Council of the Indiessupervised all govt eccelesiastical and commercial activity in the spanish colonies166
289827506The encomiendawhen Amerindians were forced to provide settlers with labor167

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