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| 8620401659 | Arabs | Semitic people in Southwest Asia | 0 | |
| 8620401660 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists; inhabitants of the Arabian peninsula; organized into tribes | 1 | |
| 8645960483 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace; known for its trading system that linked the Mediterranean to east Asia | 2 | |
| 8645960484 | Medina | a city in western Saudi Arabia; a city where Muhammad preached; agricultural and commercial city | 3 | |
| 8645968199 | true or false; women did not have any roles in the Islamic Civilization | false; women played key economic roles | 4 | |
| 8620401661 | In terms of religion, the Arabs were ____________ | polytheistic | 5 | |
| 8620401662 | Allah | supreme god of Islam who presides over community of spirits; all powerful being who created the universe and everything in it | 6 | |
| 8645960485 | true or false; men and women were equal in the eyes of Allah | true | 7 | |
| 8620401663 | Ka'aba | central shrine in Mecca housing a massive black meteorite that is believed to possess sacred qualities | 8 | |
| 8645686451 | What was the significance of the Ka'aba? | it attracted pilgrims and visitors | 9 | |
| 8620401664 | Why did the Arab peninsula possess economic importance? | it was geographically situated to be in control of certain trade routes | 10 | |
| 8620401665 | Because of the Arab peninsula's economic importance, what was a result? | political disorder in Mesopotamia, wars between the Byzantine and Sassanian (Persian) Empire in Egypt | 11 | |
| 8620401666 | Muhammad | founder of Islam; prophet of Allah | 12 | |
| 8620401667 | According to tradition, what troubles Muhammad? | the growing gap between Bedouin values of honesty & generosity and the acquisitive behavior of affluent commercial elites of the Mecca | 13 | |
| 8620401668 | Who appears to Muhammad? | the Angel Gabriel | 14 | |
| 8620401669 | What does Angel Gabriel tell Muhammad? | he commands Muhammad to preach revelations he will be given | 15 | |
| 8620401670 | When Muhammad preaches to Mecca, what is the city's response? | Mecca is convinced he is a madman/ charlatan (con-man) | 16 | |
| 8620401671 | Why is Mecca incensed by Muhammad's preachings? | Muhammad is preaching monotheistic beliefs to polytheistic followers | 17 | |
| 8645973858 | Why does Mecca see Muhammad as a threat? | his faith endangered the gods of the Ka'aba | 18 | |
| 8620401672 | hegira | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Yathrib | 19 | |
| 8645979240 | The hegira was so important that... | its date marked the first year of the Islamic calendar | 20 | |
| 8620401673 | How does Yathrib react to Muhammad? | they invite him even though he preaches monotheistic beliefs; they see him as a good meditator of disputes among clans | 21 | |
| 8620401674 | true of false; the Bedouins around Yathrib support Muhammad | true | 22 | |
| 8620401675 | What does Muhammad do when he returns to Mecca? | he arrives with a military force, conquers and converts the town people, declares Ka'aba a sacred shrine of Islam | 23 | |
| 8620401676 | true of false; Islam is a monotheistic religion | true | 24 | |
| 8620401677 | true or false; Muhammad is divine | false; Muhammad is NOT divine | 25 | |
| 8620401678 | What is the heart of Islam? | the Quran/Koran/Qu'ran | 26 | |
| 8620401679 | Quran | sacred book written in Arabic language | 27 | |
| 8620401680 | What is the basic message of the Quran? | "There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet" | 28 | |
| 8620401681 | What is contained in the Quran? | messages that Muhammad said he received from Allah | 29 | |
| 8620401682 | What are the 5 pillars of Islam? | Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage | 30 | |
| 8620401683 | What is granted to those who follow the 5 Pillars of Islam? | eternal paradise | 31 | |
| 8620401684 | The 5 Pillars of Islam are not just a set of religious beliefs, but ... | a way of life as well | 32 | |
| 8620401685 | Sharia | law code that provides believers with ways to regulate daily life | 33 | |
| 8620401686 | What is a problem that happens as a result of Muhammad's death? | Since Muhammad had no sons (only had daughters), he left behind no successor | 34 | |
| 8620401687 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of Muhammad; father in law of Muhammad | 35 | |
| 8620401688 | caliph | successor of Muhammad | 36 | |
| 8620401689 | Mu'awiya | first Umayyad caliph; capital at Damascus, Syria | 37 | |
| 8620401690 | What important thing did Mu'uawiya do? | he made the caliph position HEREDITARY; he chose his son, Yazid, to succeed him | 38 | |
| 8620401691 | Shi'ites | those who believed Ali was the right caliph of Muhammad | 39 | |
| 8620401692 | What did the Shi'ites believe in terms of the first three caliphs? | the Shi'ites believed the first three caliphs were FALSE since they were not blood-related to Muhammad | 40 | |
| 8620401693 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad | 41 | |
| 8620401694 | Sunnis | Muslims who SUPPORT the first 3 caliphs and the Umayyads | 42 | |
| 8620546717 | What places did the Arabs gain victory? | Mesopotamia, North Africa, & Persia | 43 | |
| 8620546718 | What are two reasons of rapid expansion of Arab? | 1) Prolonged drought on Arab peninsula 2) Desire of Islam to channel the energies of new converts | 44 | |
| 8620546719 | What was the true reason for Mecca's expansion? | Mecca, comprised mostly of merchants, wanted to expand trade routes and bring surplus producing regions under their control | 45 | |
| 8620546720 | What role do the Bedouins play in the expansion of Arab? | they have strength and mobility due to calvary | 46 | |
| 8620546721 | What leads to the Byzantine and Persian empire weakening? | ongoing conflicts | 47 | |
| 8620546722 | What do the warriors believe? | if they die in battle they will automatically be granted a place in paradise | 48 | |
| 8620546723 | The Arab government was left to ______ after the wars | local officials | 49 | |
| 8620546724 | true or false; the Arabs convert people to Islam by force | false; the Quran states that "there shall be no compulsion in religion" (there will be no force conversion) | 50 | |
| 8620546725 | What happens if people don't convert to Islam? | they must pay a head tax in return for exemption from military service requires for all Muslim males | 51 | |
| 8620546726 | true or false; there is slavery of non-Muslims | true | 52 | |
| 8620546727 | true or false; local population are angry with Arab control and would much rather prefer Byzantine or Persian rule | false; the local population believes Islam is a simple and egalitarian religion; although people are polytheistic, they are "attracted" to the equalness of monotheism | 53 | |
| 8646022934 | Why were the Muslims able to easily conquer the Sassanian Empire? | -already weak due to ongoing conflicts with Byzantine Empire -Bedouins had strength and mobility due to calvary | 54 | |
| 8646022935 | Why did the Byzantines lose so easily to the Arabs? | Byzantine Christian sects rallied / fought on the Arab side | 55 | |
| 8620546728 | What dynasty does Mu'awiya start? | the Umayyad dynasty | 56 | |
| 8620546729 | When the Muslims invaded France what did Charles Martel do? | he defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours | 57 | |
| 8620546730 | What is the significance of the Battle of Tours? | if Charles Martel didn't successfully stop the Muslim army from advancing, Europe would be Christian today- it would be Islam | 58 | |
| 8620546731 | When the Muslims attack Constantinople, what does the Byzantine Empire do? | they use Greek Fire to destroy the Muslim fleet and the build a "wall" | 59 | |
| 8620546732 | What do the Umayyad caliphs do in terms of behavior? | they are "rebels" ; they eat pork, gamble, drink alcohols, engage in dishonesty | 60 | |
| 8620546733 | Who overthrows the Umayyad dynasty? | Ab al Abbas, descendant of Muhammad's uncle (Abbasid Dynasty) | 61 | |
| 8645681087 | What makes Islam "attractive?" | -uncompromising monotheism -highly developed legal codes -egalitarianism -strong sense of community -simple and direct character | 62 | |
| 8645681088 | What made rapid Arab conquests possible? | -Muslim fleets -did not force people to convert -Byzantine & Sassanian Empires already had ongoing conflicts | 63 | |
| 8645681089 | What was the important of social bonds within tribes? | Due to the harsh environment, it was key to survival to develop and establish good relations with surrounding tribes in times of dire need | 64 |
