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Forensic Science Chapter 2 Flashcards

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7678286187Upon arrival at the crime scene the first responding police officer to a crime scene is responsible for..1. Acquiring medical assistance for injured victims 2. Detaining any potential suspects or witnesses 3. Securing the crime scene to the greatest extent possible 4. Calling for any additional personnel needs such as other officers and or forensic investigators0
7678346913The boundaries of a crime scene must be securedcrime scene tape, ropes, or cones1
7678481047Three methods for crime scene recordingPhotography, sketches, and notes2
7678489332The crime scene notes should begin withThe identity of person who contacted the investigator Time of contact and arrival at the crime scene Preliminary case information Personnel present on arrival and those being contacted3
7678880106Digital Photographymade when a light sensitive microchip captures light on each of millions of tiny picture elements called pixels4
7679000976Visual Tagan object recorded in multiple overview photographs, to help visually piece the scene together5
7679011177Medium-Range Photographsshow the layout of similar significant areas of the crime scene. Taken with evidence markers6
7679029004Close up photographstaken last and show greater detail of individual objects or evidence. Taken at 90 angel to the object with and without evidence markers and scales7
7679169475Walkthroughinitial survey of the crime scene 1. perpetrators point of entry and exit 2.indirect path is taken to the center of crime scene 3. obvious items of evidence are located document 4. The conditions of the scene are observed and recorded8
7679228710Line/Strip Search Patternone or two investigators start at the boundary of the crime scene and search to the other side of the crime scene9
7679237995Grid Search PatternTwo or more investigators form a grid by searching in line patterns that overlap and are perpendicular to each other10
7679249716Spiral SearchOne investigator searches in a spiral path from the center of the crime scene to the boundary11
7679258459Wheel/Ray PatternSeveral investigators search in straight lines from the center to the boundary12
7679284263Quadrant/Zone Search Patternthe crime scene is divided into smaller sections (zones). One or more investigators are assigned to search each zone13
7679297684Vehicle Searchesinvestigators search interior and exterior of vehicle14
7679306955Crime Scene Sketchesclearly show the layout of a crime scene15
7679330224Computer-Aided Draftingprograms to create the finished sketch. Allows for the creation of three-dimensional finished sketches16
7679465557Druggist FoldSmall amounts of trace evidence can also be conveniently packaged in a carefully folded paper17
7679487863Biological or bloodstained materials are stored in _______airtight containers18
7679503985When can contamination occureither by introducing foreign DNA through coughing or sneezing onto evidence or if items of evidence are incorrectly placed in contact with each other during packaging19
7679512440Chain of Custodya list of all persons who came into possession of an item of evidence20
7679517822Standard/Reference Samplephysical evidence whose origin is known, such as blood or hair from a suspect, that can be compared to crime-scene evidence21
7679535266Fourth AmendmentThe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized22
7679546700The United States Supreme Court has determined that search and seizure without a court-approved warrant is justified in four cases1 The existence of emergency circumstances 2 The need to prevent the immediate loss or destruction of evidence 3 A search of a person and property within the immediate control of the person provided it is made incident to a lawful arrest 4 A search made by consent of the parties involved23
7679555516Mincey v Arizonathe Court dealt with the legality of a four-day search at a homicide scene and determined that the evidence was illegally seized because a warrant was never issued and the circumstances of the case did not justify a warrantless search.24
7679558312Michigan v Tylerfire destroyed a business establishment leased by Loren Tyler and a business partner. The court decided that evidence obtained from the initial search was legally seized, but evidence obtained from searches 4, 7, and 24 days after the incident were illegally seized.25

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