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| 14282859557 | Forensic Science | application of science to those criminal and civil laws | 0 | |
| 14282861859 | Criminology | study of crime and criminals | 1 | |
| 14282863251 | criminalistics | scientific evaluation of physical evidence in criminal cases | 2 | |
| 14282865538 | 1st crime lab | edmond locard | 3 | |
| 14282869074 | Locard's exchange principle | when 2 objects come in contact with each other, a transfer of material will occur | 4 | |
| 14282873753 | BASIC SERVICES of a crime lab | physical science unit biology unit firearms unit document examination unit photography unit | 5 | |
| 14282878061 | OPTIONAL SERVICES of a crime lab | toxicology unit latent fingerprint unit polygraph unit voiceprint unit evidence collection unit | 6 | |
| 14282882859 | OUTSIDE SERVICES of a crime lab | pathology anthropology entemology psychiatry/psychology odontology | 7 | |
| 14282894466 | frye standard | test to determine admissibility of evidence using scientific evidence | 8 | |
| 14282898927 | daubert standard | test to determine admissibility of evidence using witness testimony | 9 | |
| 14282902376 | chain of custody | the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence | 10 | |
| 14282904698 | circumstancial evidence | indirect evidence that can be used to imply a fact but does not directly prove it | 11 | |
| 14282907460 | class evidence | material that connects an individual or thing to a certain GROUP | 12 | |
| 14282910805 | direct evidence | eyewitness accounts, police dashboard video cameras | 13 | |
| 14282912634 | individual evidence | a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing | 14 | |
| 14282913902 | paper bindle | a folded paper used to hold trace evidence | 15 | |
| 14282914667 | primary crime scene | the location where the crime took place | 16 | |
| 14282915467 | secondary crime scene | place related to crime, where evidence is found | 17 | |
| 14282922981 | 1st historical report | 1235 AD- Chinese death investigation (Sung Tuz) | 18 | |
| 14282927845 | 1st legal use of entomology | Buck Ruxton case | 19 | |
| 14282929099 | Stages of Decomposition | initial decay putrefaction black putrefaction butyric fermentation dry decay | 20 | |
| 14282933853 | order diptera | flies | 21 | |
| 14282935482 | Order Coleoptera | beetles | 22 | |
| 14282936654 | Order Hymenoptera | ants, bees, wasps | 23 | |
| 14282938626 | Blow fly stages of development | egg larva pupa adult | 24 | |
| 14282945345 | Aerial Collection Method | sweep net back and forth over corpse to collect adult flies; put into vial with a label to determine max PMI | 25 | |
| 14282951579 | Hand collection method | collect maggots with forceps, place into boiling water to stretch and fix them; place into vial | 26 | |
| 14282960407 | live sampling | maggot motel | 27 | |
| 14282962132 | PMI (post mortem interval) | setting the minimum and maximum time between death and corpse discovery | 28 | |
| 14282973208 | min PMI | shortest possible amount of time between death and discovery | 29 | |
| 14282976442 | max PMI | longest amount of time between death and discovery | 30 | |
| 14282983555 | relationship between insects and temperature | ambient temperature plays a role during egg and larva development but after, it decreases | 31 | |
| 14282988861 | relationship between insects and drugs | cocaine- speeds up development heroin- slows down development | 32 | |
| 14294132804 | lighting used to find footprints | oblique lighting | 33 | |
| 14294135249 | how to process 2D prints | photograph, lift, dust | 34 | |
| 14294142058 | what info can we inferred from a footwear impression | identity of footwear (class or individual), shoe size, height, # of perpetrators | 35 | |
| 14294148345 | reconstructive evidence (+ examples) | provides info about events before, during, and after crime (blood spatter, bullets, broken glass) | 36 | |
| 14294154323 | associative evidence (+ types) | provides link between crime scene and person/object (class and individual) | 37 | |
| 14294163466 | trace evidence (+ examples) | small evidence (hair, fibers, dust) | 38 | |
| 14294167994 | parts of hair as parts of a pencil | cuticle - yellow paint cortex - wood medulla - graphite | 39 | |
| 14294186423 | part of the hair with the 3 layers | shaft | 40 | |
| 14294189351 | coronal (ex. mouse) CUTICLE |  | 41 | |
| 14294196670 | spinous (ex. cat) CUTICLE |  | 42 | |
| 14294200511 | imbricate (ex. human) CUTICLE |  | 43 | |
| 14294209405 | uni/multiserial (ex. rabbit) MEDULLA | squares | 44 | |
| 14294250614 | vacuolated (ex. dog or fox) MEDULLA | bubble letter L's | 45 | |
| 14294259895 | lattice (ex. deer) MEDULLA | small circles | 46 | |
| 14294262080 | amorphous (ex. human) MEDULLA | leaf/blob | 47 | |
| 14302018713 | Biometrics | use of measurements for identification purposes | 48 | |
| 14302021108 | what does AFIS stand for | automated fingerprint identification system | 49 | |
| 14302026492 | what types of prints does AFIS contain | known criminals, unknown prints, gov. employees, gun owners | 50 | |
| 14302030792 | friction ridges | patterns on skin that allows for grip | 51 | |
| 14302033446 | fingerprints | pattern left behind on surface, made of sweat and oils | 52 | |
| 14302038968 | 4 premises of fingerprint identification | friction ridges develop in fetus fingerprints remain unchanged throughout life (without scars) location of minutia are unique fingerprints vary in a way that allows them to be classified | 53 | |
| 14302049049 | 3 types of fingerprints | latent, patent, plastic | 54 | |
| 14302054989 | patent prints | need to be photographed, visible easily, no processing required, grease/dark oil/blood | 55 | |
| 14302060982 | plastic prints | needs to be photographed, visible easily, needs processing, mud/butter/silly putty | 56 | |
| 14302080079 | latent prints | cannot be seen with naked eye, photographed after processing, | 57 | |
| 14302089206 | 3 fingerprint patterns | loop, arch, whorl | 58 | |
| 14302093078 | loop (percent and specializations) | 65% ; radial loop, ulnar loop | 59 | |
| 14302099372 | arch (percent and specializations) | 6% ; plain arch, tented arch | 60 | |
| 14302103997 | whorl (percent and specializations) | 29% ; plain whorl, central pocket loop whorl | 61 | |
| 14302108219 | 3 types of developmental methods | physical, chemical, special illumination | 62 | |
| 14302112126 | physical developmental method | powder dusting; surfaces- metal, glass, ceramic | 63 | |
| 14302116781 | chemical developmental method | ninhydrin - paper surface SMR- wet surface gram staining - sticky surface | 64 | |
| 14302126567 | special illumination | uses alternate light sources, color filter, or laser to enhance prints | 65 | |
| 14302135237 | diff. minutae | spur, ridge ending, lake/enclosure, bifurcation, bridge, independent ridge, dot/island | 66 | |
| 14302284287 | expert testimony | can give opinion only | 67 | |
| 14302292067 | eyewitness testimony | can give factual testimony only | 68 | |
| 14302298857 | examples of qualifying questions | cite educational degrees, membership in profession, articles/books published | 69 | |
| 14302304134 | voir dire | opposing attorney asks a would be expert qualifying questions to determine expertise | 70 | |
| 14302312014 | who asks the qualifying questions | court | 71 | |
| 14302313244 | Why is eyewitness testimony unreliable | human memory is fragile and malleable | 72 | |
| 14302354865 | 2 factors that NJ supreme court allows eyewitness testimony to be admissable | lighting and how long witness was able to look at suspect | 73 | |
| 14302359503 | own racial bias | tendency to recognize people of own race | 74 | |
| 14302362690 | innocence project | non profit organization that challenges dubious rulings | 75 | |
| 14302444483 | first responder | first police officer to arrive at a crime scene | 76 | |
| 14315572475 | what is dna | genetic info that codes for proteins that makes us who we are | 77 | |
| 14315577158 | forensic interest is only _____ base pairs | 400 | 78 | |
| 14315580789 | min number of cells needed to develop genetic profile | 30 | 79 | |
| 14315588099 | who discovered dna | friedrich miescher | 80 | |
| 14315591569 | what did miescher do | discover dna by separating nuclei in pus | 81 | |
| 14315596410 | watson and crick | discovered structure of dna (used rosalind franklin's research) | 82 | |
| 14315605937 | who invented pcr | kary mullis | 83 | |
| 14315609834 | pcr stands for + definition | polymerase chain reaction - amplifies sections of dna | 84 | |
| 14315631947 | gel electrophoresis | Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments | 85 | |
| 14315637160 | sir alec jeffreys | used RFLP and applied DNA to forensics | 86 | |
| 14315676508 | RFLP | Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (organisms can be identified by how certain sections of their DNA cleaves) | 87 | |
| 14315684842 | STR | short tantem repeats (short sections of dna that repeat) | 88 | |
| 14315695305 | what are the big four | race, age, height, gender | 89 | |
| 14315700047 | bones/characteristics used to determine gender | pelvis, sub pubic angle/bone, coccyx, ribcage | 90 | |
| 14315705677 | bones/characteristics used to determine age | sutures, long bones, number of bones | 91 | |
| 14315711966 | bones/characteristics used to determine race | skull size/shape | 92 | |
| 14315714189 | bones/characteristics used to determine height | humerus, radius, femur, tibia length | 93 | |
| 14315724403 | where is the body farm | Knoxville, TN | 94 | |
| 14315725966 | ICMP | International Commission on Missing Persons - locate and identify victims | 95 | |
| 14315736818 | requirements of a coroner + duties | over 21, US citizen (untrained in medicine) - investigates human deaths | 96 | |
| 14315751270 | common smells in an autopsy | bitter/burnt almonds- cyanide sweet smell- alcohol | 97 | |
| 14315761978 | mechanism of death | the specific body failure that leads to death (massive hemmorage) | 98 | |
| 14315764058 | cause of death | the immediate reason for a person's death (gunshot wound) | 99 | |
| 14315767234 | manner of death | how death occured (homocide) | 100 | |
| 14315773335 | rigor mortis | chemical reaction that takes place in muscles, causing them to stiffen | 101 | |
| 14315781722 | rigor mortis time frame | starts: 1.5 hours; peaks: 8 hours; dispates: 20-24 hours | 102 | |
| 14315785379 | livor mortis | the settling of the blood, causing the skin to change colors | 103 | |
| 14315790341 | livor mortis time frame | starts: within hour after death; peaks: 12 hours; fixed: 24 hours | 104 | |
| 14315794911 | algor mortis | body temperature | 105 | |
| 14315798735 | brain hemorrages | cocaine use | 106 | |
| 14315801453 | Petechial hemorrhages | suffocation | 107 | |
| 14315804674 | broken hyoid bone | strangulation | 108 | |
| 14315806277 | wipe | wet blood pool, non bloody item runs across | 109 | |
| 14315808813 | swipe | blood soaked item, non bloody surface | 110 | |
| 14315812294 | parent drop | pool of blood (O) | 111 | |
| 14315814704 | satellite | small droplets around pool (. . .) | 112 | |
| 14315817032 | spine | pointed/elongated stains away from central area ( _______ ) | 113 |
