Terms : Hide Images
| 238355379 | Core | innermost zone of the earth, mostly nickel and iron | 0 | |
| 238355380 | Mantle | contains molten rock, above core | 1 | |
| 238355381 | Magma | molten rock inside the earth | 2 | |
| 238355382 | Asthenosphere | outer mantle, semi-molten rock | 3 | |
| 238355383 | Lithosphere | brittle outermost layer of the earth | 4 | |
| 238355384 | Convection | causes movement of hot materials towards surface | 5 | |
| 238355385 | Hot spots | weak areas in crust where hot molten materials reach surface | 6 | |
| 238355386 | Plate Tectonics | theory that crustal plates on surface are in motion | 7 | |
| 238355387 | Crustal Plate | piece of earth's crust | 8 | |
| 238355388 | Subduction | one crustal plate converging under another | 9 | |
| 238355389 | Volcano | vent in Earth's surface that emits gas, ash and molten lava | 10 | |
| 238355390 | Divergent Plate Boundary | two crustal plates move apart | 11 | |
| 238355391 | Seafloor Spreading | diverging plates underwater | 12 | |
| 238355392 | Convergent Plate Boundary | two crustal plates move together | 13 | |
| 238355393 | Transform Fault Boundary | two crustal plates slide along side each other | 14 | |
| 238355394 | Fault | crack in the earth's crust | 15 | |
| 238355395 | Fault Zones | area surrounding crack in the earth's crust | 16 | |
| 238355396 | Earthquakes | rocks of the lithosphere rupture and unexpectedly slip along fault | 17 | |
| 238355397 | Seismic Activity | geologic activity surrounding a fault zone | 18 | |
| 238355398 | Epicenter | point on surface of earth above earthquake | 19 | |
| 238355399 | Richter Scale | reports magnitude of earthquake, logarthmic | 20 | |
| 238355400 | Minerals | solid chemical substances with uniform crystalline structures | 21 | |
| 238355401 | Rock Cycle | forms new rock by erosion, compression and heat | 22 | |
| 238355402 | Igenous Rock | rock formed from hardened molten materials | 23 | |
| 238355403 | Intrusive | rock formed inside earth, small crystals, igneous | 24 | |
| 238355404 | Extrusive | rock formed outside earth, large crystals, igneous | 25 | |
| 238355405 | Fractures | cracks formed when rocks cool | 26 | |
| 238355406 | Sedimentary Rock | rock formed from compression and compaction of eroded rock particles | 27 | |
| 238355407 | Metamorphic Rock | rock formed from heating and compressing other rocks | 28 | |
| 238355408 | Weathering | wearing away of rock from wind, rain and certain chemicals | 29 | |
| 238355409 | Physical Weathering | mechanical breakdown of rock by water and wind | 30 | |
| 238355410 | Chemical Weathering | breakdown of rock by chemical reactions, dissolving of elements | 31 | |
| 238355411 | Acid Precipitation | acidic atmospheric moisture that breaks down rocks and minerals | 32 | |
| 238355412 | Erosion | physical removal of rock fragments | 33 | |
| 238355413 | Deposition | accumulation or depositing of eroded material | 34 | |
| 238355414 | Soil | mixture of geologic, chemical and biological components that support plant growth | 35 | |
| 238355415 | Parent Material | rocks and minerals that make up soil and other rocks | 36 | |
| 238355416 | Topography | lay of the land, surface slope and arrangement of landscape | 37 | |
| 238355417 | Soil Horizons | layers of soil that depend on climate, vegetation and parent material | 38 | |
| 238355418 | O-Horizon | organic top layer of soil, contains leaf litter | 39 | |
| 238355419 | A-Horizon | topsoil layer | 40 | |
| 238355420 | E-Horizon | zone of leaching, nutrients removed | 41 | |
| 238355421 | B-Horizon | subsoil, composed primarily of mineral material, low organics | 42 | |
| 238355422 | C-Horizon | weathered parent material | 43 | |
| 238355423 | Texture | determined by percentages of sand, silt, and clay | 44 | |
| 238355424 | Soil Pyramid | used to determine soil texture | 45 | |
| 238355425 | Cation Exchange Capacity | nutrient holding capacity of soil | 46 | |
| 238355426 | Base Saturation | measure of the proportion of soil bases to soil acids | 47 | |
| 238355427 | Soil Degradation | loss of some or all of the ability of soils to support growth | 48 | |
| 238355428 | Crustal Abundance | average concentration of an element in the crust | 49 | |
| 238355429 | Ores | concentrated accumulations of minerals from which valuable materials can be extracted | 50 | |
| 238355430 | Metals | elements with properties that allow them to conduct electricity | 51 | |
| 238355431 | Reserve | the known quantity of the resource that can be economically recovered | 52 | |
| 238355432 | Surface Mining | mining operations above ground | 53 | |
| 238355433 | Strip Mining | removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore | 54 | |
| 238355434 | Mining Spoils | unwanted waste material from mining | 55 | |
| 238355435 | Open-Pit Mining | large pit or hole in the ground for easy extraction of materials | 56 | |
| 238355436 | Mountaintop Removal | miners remove mountaintop to extact materials | 57 | |
| 238355437 | Placer Mining | process of looking for metals or minerals in stream sediment | 58 | |
| 238355438 | Subsurface Mining | mining operations below ground | 59 | |
| 238355439 | Mining Law of 1872 | regulates the mining of materials on federal land | 60 | |
| 238355440 | Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 | requires mining companies to restore land after mining operations | 61 |
