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| 520738285 | Guang Xu | Young Chinese emperor who launched a massive 100 Days of Reform program-political, administrative, educational-based on Western models. He was imprisoned by his aunt and the reform efforts were halted | |
| 520738286 | Empress Dowager Ci Xi | Guang Xu's aunt. Chinese empress; she was the power behind the throne for 47 years; overthrew emperor Guang Xu when he tried to make reforms. She opposed reforms in favor of Chinese traditions. She was a dominant force at court and imprisoned her nephew, the emperor. | |
| 520738287 | John Hay | 1899 US Secretary of State. Wrote a note to Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Italy and Japan asking each country to respect equal trading opportunities within their spheres of influence. Led to Open Door Policy in China. | |
| 520738288 | Spheres of influence | Area in which a foreign power had been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as rights and mining privileges | |
| 520738289 | Open Door Policy | Reflected America's concern for the survival of China, and the interests of US trading companies that wanted open markets in China and disliked the spheres of influence that dominated the various states in China. | |
| 520738290 | Sun Yat-sen | Leader of the revolutionary movement that overthrew the Qing dynasty and proposed a 3-step process toward democracy. He was driven out of China and returned after the collapse of the Qing dynasty but he never had the power base to pass his ideas. He is considered by many as the founder of modern China. | |
| 520738291 | Henry Pu Yi | China's last emperor who was an infant when put into power; the Qing dynasty fell soon afterwards | |
| 520738292 | General Yuan Shigai | Military leader who assumed control after the Revolution of 1911 and collapse of the Qing Dynasty; when appointed as president, he had promised to help create a democratic government, but he ruled as a dictator. | |
| 520738293 | Commodore Matthew Perry | Was able to influence Japan into signing a treaty by his show of force; he arrived in 1853 with four warships and then returned six monts later with a bigger fleet. The treat allowed for improved trading to the West, the return of ship. His fleet pressured the Japanese into opening relations with the U.S. | |
| 520738295 | Meiji | The Enlightened Rule also known as the Meiji Restoration | |
| 520738296 | Edo | Major Japanese City - Called Tokyo today -- Japanese capital after Meiji Restoration | |
| 520738297 | Ito Hirobumi | Japan's first prime minister during the Meiji government who headed a 20 year commission to study the Western governments | |
| 520738298 | Port Arthur | A strategic naval base on the Chinese Liaondon Peninsula; Japan launched a surprise attack on this naval base. | |
| 520738299 | Boxers | A Chinese secret organization that blamed the country's ills on foreigners, especially missionaries (called themselves the Society of Harmonious Fists) | |
| 520738300 | Treaty of Nanjing | Where the Chinese agreed to open five costal ports to British trade, limit taxes on imported British goods, and pay for the costs of the war (ended the Opium War) | |
| 520738301 | Prefectures | in the Japanese Meiji Restoration, a territory governed by its former daimyo lord | |
| 520738302 | "self-strengthening" | A policy promoted by reformers toward the end of the Qing dynasty under which China would adopt Western technology while keeping its Confucian values and institutions | |
| 520738303 | Opium War | a conflict between Britain and China to blockade Guang Xu, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China. | |
| 520738304 | Tai Ping Rebellion | It called for major social reforms; caused by the failure of the Chinese government to address pressing economic problems | |
| 520742394 | Extraterritoriality | Living in a section of a country set aside for foreigners but not subject to the host country's laws |
