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| 1366810334 | Evolution | Change over time | 0 | |
| 1366810335 | Theory | Well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world | 1 | |
| 1366810336 | Beagle | Ship Darwin sailed on | 2 | |
| 1366810337 | Darwin's observations led to a | Revolutionary theory about the way life changes | 3 | |
| 1366810338 | Darwin did research on the | Galápagos Islands | 4 | |
| 1366810339 | Fossils | Preserved remains of ancient organisms | 5 | |
| 1366810340 | Darwin wrote | The Origin of Species | 6 | |
| 1366810341 | James Hutton | Proposed that Earth is shaped by geological forces | 7 | |
| 1366810342 | Thomas Malthus | Predicts the human population will grow faster than the space and food supplies needed to sustain it | 8 | |
| 1366810343 | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | Hypothesized the inheritance of acquired traits | 9 | |
| 1366810344 | Charles Darwin | Proposed the theory of evolution | 10 | |
| 1366810345 | Charles Lyell | Explains that processes occurring now have shaped Earth's geological features over long periods of time | 11 | |
| 1366810346 | Alfred Wallace | Speculates on evolution by natural selection | 12 | |
| 1366810347 | Artificial selection | Nature provided the variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful | 13 | |
| 1366810348 | Struggle for existence | Members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life | 14 | |
| 1366810349 | Fitness | Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment | 15 | |
| 1366810350 | Adaptation | Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival | 16 | |
| 1366810351 | Survival of the fittest | Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment either die or leave few offspring. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully | 17 | |
| 1366810352 | Natural selection | Results in changes (that increase a species' fitness in its environment) in the inherited characteristics of a population. | 18 | |
| 1366810353 | Descent with modification | Each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time | 19 | |
| 1366810354 | Common descent | All species were derived from common ancestors | 20 | |
| 1366810355 | Evidence of evolution | Fossil record, geographic distribution of living species, homologous body structures, and similarities in embryology | 21 | |
| 1366810356 | Homologous structures | Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues | 22 | |
| 1366810357 | Vestigial organs | Traces of organs that were used in other species | 23 | |
| 1366810358 | Sources of genetic variation | Mutations and gene shuffling | 24 | |
| 1366810359 | Gene pool | Consists of all genes, including all the different alleles, that are present in a population. | 25 | |
| 1366810360 | Relative frequency (of an allele) | Number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles for the same gene occur | 26 | |
| 1366810361 | The number of phenotype a produced for a given trait depends on | How many genes control the trait | 27 | |
| 1366810362 | Single-gene trait | Controlled by a single gene that has two alleles | 28 | |
| 1366810363 | Polygenic traits | Many traits that are controlled by two or more genes | 29 | |
| 1366810364 | Natural selection on single-gene traits can lead to | Changes in allele frequencies and thus to evolution | 30 | |
| 1366810365 | Natural selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes in any of three ways: | Directional selection, stabilizing selection, or disruptive selection | 31 | |
| 1366810366 | Directional selection | When individuals at one end if the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. | 32 | |
| 1366810367 | Stabilizing selection | When individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve. | 33 | |
| 1366810368 | Disruptive selection | When individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle | 34 | |
| 1366810369 | Genetic drift | Random change in allele frequency | 35 | |
| 1366810370 | Over time, a series of chance occurrences can cause | An allele to become common in a population | 36 | |
| 1366810371 | Founder effect | Allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population | 37 | |
| 1366810372 | Hardy-Weinberg principle | States that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change | 38 | |
| 1366810373 | Genetic equilibrium | Situation in which allele frequencies remain constant | 39 | |
| 1366810374 | The five conditions that are requires to maintain genetic equilibrium in a population | Random mating, large population, no movement into or out of the population, no mutations, and no natural selection | 40 | |
| 1366810375 | Speciation | Formation of new species | 41 | |
| 1366810376 | As new species evolve | Populations become reproductively isolated from each other | 42 | |
| 1366810377 | Reproductive isolation | When the member of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring | 43 | |
| 1366810378 | Behavioral isolation | When two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals or other reproductive strategies that involve behavior | 44 | |
| 1366810379 | Geographic isolation | When two populations are separated by geographic barriers | 45 | |
| 1366810380 | Temporal isolation | When two or more species reproduce at different times | 46 | |
| 1366810381 | Peter and Rosemary Grant have demonstrated that | Natural selection is still a force in the evolution of the Galápagos finches | 47 | |
| 1366810382 | Speciation in Darwin's finches occurred by | Founding of a new population, geographic isolation, changes in the new population's gene pool, reproductive isolation, and ecological competition | 48 | |
| 1366810383 | Macroevolution | Large-scale evolution are patterns and processes that occur over long periods of time | 49 | |
| 1366810384 | Six important topics in macroevolution | Extinction, adaptive radiation, convergent evolution, coevolution, punctuated equilibrium, and changes in developmental genes | 50 | |
| 1366810385 | Adaptive radiation | A single species or a small group of species has evolved into diverse forms that live on different ways | 51 | |
| 1366810386 | Convergent evolution | Unrelated organisms come to resemble one another | 52 | |
| 1366810387 | Coevolution | Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time | 53 | |
| 1366810388 | Punctuated equilibrium | Pattern if long, stable period interrupted by brief period of more rapid change | 54 | |
| 1366810389 | Changes in the expression of developmental genes may | Explain how these difference evolved | 55 | |
| 1366810390 | Mass extinction | Many types of living things became extinct at the same time | 56 | |
| 1366810391 | Endosymbiotic theory | Proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms | 57 | |
| 1366810392 | Paleontologists | Scientists who study fossils | 58 | |
| 1366810393 | Fossil record | Information about the past life | 59 | |
| 1366810394 | Extinct | The species died out | 60 | |
| 1366810395 | The fossil record provides | Evidence about the history of life on Earth | 61 | |
| 1366810396 | Relative dating | Determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placements with that if fossils in other layers of rock | 62 | |
| 1366810397 | Index fossils | Species that are easily recognized, had existed for a short period of time, and have a wide geographic range | 63 | |
| 1366810398 | Half-life | Length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay | 64 | |
| 1366810399 | Radioactive dating | Use of half-lives to determine the age of a sample | 65 | |
| 1366810400 | Geologic time scale | Paleontologists use these divisions to represent evolutionary time | 66 | |
| 1370160584 | Analogous body structures | Same function, different structure | 67 |
