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Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

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13210973596Innate ImmunityGeneral, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.0
13210973597First Line of DefenseNonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens includes skin, mucous membranes, and normal microbiota1
13210973598Second Line of DefenseNonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens; includes response by phagocytes2
13210973599Inflammatory ResponseVasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature3
13210973600Histamineschemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area4
13210973601PhagocytesWhite blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages5
13210973602Chemokineschemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area6
13210973603Adaptive (Acquired) immunitySpecific immunity; B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response7
13210973604LymphocytesWhite blood cells that include T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer cells8
13210973605MacrophagesWhite blood cell that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells9
13210973606MHC Imolecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy10
13210973607MHC IImolecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells11
13210973608Memory CellsResponsible for lifelong immunity; B and T cells that are able to more quickly fight secondary infection12
13210973609AntibodyY-shaped protein with variable antigen binding region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction13
13210973610Antigenany molecule that elicits an immune response; the body sees as foreign14
13210973611Passive ImmunityTemporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child15
13210973612HIVA retrovirus that attacks helper T cells16
13210973613Autoimmune diseasefailure of immune tolerance; the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself17
13210973614AllergyHypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine18
13210973615B CellsCells involved in humoral response; produce antibodies; activated by Th cells or free antigens19
13210973616Cytotoxic T CellsCells involved in cell-mediated response; specifically kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens and cancer cells; stimulated by APCs (antigen presenting cells) and helper T-cells20
13210973617Helper T CellsSet off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC21
13210973621Humoral ResponseThe branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.22
13210973622Cell-mediated ResponseThe branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells and cancer cells.23
13210973634pathogenan organism that causes a disease or illness24
13210973636clonal selectionprocess by which an antigen only activates lymphocytes with receptors that specifically bind it -- these lymphocytes proliferate into clones that respond to that specific antigen; accounts for specificity and memory of acquired immune response25
13210973637cardinal signs of inflammation1. redness 2. heat 3. swelling 4. pain (sometimes loss of function)26
13210973638white blood cellsneutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, basophils27
13210973640secondary immune responseresponse after the second exposure to a particular pathogen; faster than primary due to memory cells28

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