Terms : Hide Images
| 9603847830 | Innate Immunity | General, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme. |  | 0 |
| 9603847831 | First Line of Defense | Nonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens includes skin, mucous membranes, and normal microbiota | 1 | |
| 9603847832 | Second Line of Defense | Nonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens; includes response by phagocytes | 2 | |
| 9603847833 | Inflammatory Response | Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature |  | 3 |
| 9603847834 | Histamines | chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area | 4 | |
| 9603847835 | Phagocytes | White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages | 5 | |
| 9603847836 | Chemokines | chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area | 6 | |
| 9603847837 | Adaptive (Acquired) immunity | Specific immunity; B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response | 7 | |
| 9603847838 | Lymphocytes | T cells, B cells, and NK cells |  | 8 |
| 9603847839 | Macrophages | APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells |  | 9 |
| 9603847840 | MHC I | molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy | 10 | |
| 9603847841 | MHC II | molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells | 11 | |
| 9603847842 | Memory Cells | Responsible for lifelong immunity; B and T cells that are able to more quickly fight secondary infection |  | 12 |
| 9603847843 | Antibody | Y-shaped protein with variable antigen binding region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction |  | 13 |
| 9603847844 | Antigen | any molecule that elicits an immune response; the body sees as foreign |  | 14 |
| 9603847845 | Passive Immunity | Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child | 15 | |
| 9603847846 | HIV | A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells |  | 16 |
| 9603847847 | Autoimmune disease | failure of immune tolerance; the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself | 17 | |
| 9603847848 | Allergy | Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine | 18 | |
| 9603847849 | B Cells | Cells involved in humoral response; produce antibodies; activated by Th cells or free antigens | 19 | |
| 9603847850 | Cytotoxic T Cells | Cells involved in cell-mediated response; kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by APCs (antigen presenting cells) and helper T-cells; also known as CD8+ T cells |  | 20 |
| 9603847851 | Helper T Cells | Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC; also known as CD4+ T cells |  | 21 |
| 9603847852 | Effector Cell | Short-lived lymphocyte such as a B cell or cytotoxic T lymphocyte that can take immediate action against an antigen. | 22 | |
| 9603847853 | Natural Killer Cells | A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity. | 23 | |
| 9603847854 | Mast Cells | Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation. | 24 | |
| 9603847855 | Humoral Response | The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids. | 25 | |
| 9603847856 | Cell-mediated Response | The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells and cancer cells. | 26 | |
| 9603847857 | Neutrophils | The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their lifespan to a few days. (aka: Pus) | 27 | |
| 9603847858 | epitope | region of an antigen to which an antibody binds; also called antigenic determinant | 28 | |
| 9603847859 | immunoglobulin (Ig) | class of proteins that function as antibodies | 29 | |
| 9603847860 | IgM | antibody produced during initial immune response; pentamer | 30 | |
| 9603847861 | IgG | main antibody produced in secondary response; most abundant antibody in the blood; only antibody to cross placenta | 31 | |
| 9603847862 | IgA | present in secretions such as tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk; confers passive immunity to infants through breast milk; dimer | 32 | |
| 9603847863 | IgE | antibody involved in allergy and response to helminth (worm) infections | 33 | |
| 9603847864 | IgD | B cell receptor (antibody on surface of naive B cells) | 34 | |
| 9603847865 | opsonization | coating something with antibody to make it more like to be phagocytosed | 35 | |
| 9603847866 | neutralization | blocks binding of a pathogen to a host cell | 36 | |
| 9603847867 | inactivation of antigens by antibodies | 1. neutralization 2. opsonization 3. agglutination 4. precipitation 5. activation of complement (MAC) | 37 | |
| 9603847868 | pathogen | an organism that causes a disease or illness | 38 | |
| 9603847869 | membrane attack complex | a mechanism triggered by the complement system whereby holes are formed in the surface of a foreign cell and the contents of the cell leak out -- thereby killing the cell | 39 | |
| 9603847870 | clonal selection | process by which an antigen only activates lymphocytes with receptors that specifically bind it -- these lymphocytes proliferate into clones that respond to that specific antigen; accounts for specificity and memory of acquired immune response | 40 | |
| 9603847871 | cardinal signs of inflammation | 1. redness 2. heat 3. swelling 4. pain (sometimes loss of function) | 41 | |
| 9603847872 | white blood cells | neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, basophils | 42 | |
| 9603847873 | primary immune response | response after first exposure to a particular pathogen | 43 | |
| 9603847874 | secondary immune response | response after the second exposure to a particular pathogen; faster than primary due to memory cells | 44 |
