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| 3531325800 | innate immunity | protect without prior exposure skim muscosal surface lysozyme, hostile acidity, cough Antimicrobial peptide Toll-like receptor phagocytosis complement mediated | 0 | |
| 3531362749 | adaptive immunity | requires previous exposure | 1 | |
| 3531365058 | TLR | detect Pamps | 2 | |
| 3531368231 | PAMPS | LPS, flagellin, peptidoglycanm dsRNA | 3 | |
| 3531373275 | antimicrobial peptides | (+) charge, in gut released by Paneth cells, pro proteins digested by trypsin to make mature protein (+) charge, allowing them to insert into the cytoplasmic membrane of pathogens and create a hole | 4 | |
| 3531381651 | Phagocytosis | extravasation of phagocytes from capillaries to site of infection -endocytosis of bacterium, bacteria in phagosome -phagosome and lysosome fuse lysozyme digestive enzyme | 5 | |
| 3531410898 | ROS affect | lipids, Fe-S cluster, Protein, DNA | 6 | |
| 3531413777 | Complement mediate killing of bacteria | stimulated by LPS (bacterial) cascade of proteins result: cell lysis | 7 | |
| 3531419008 | Accquired immunity: humoral immunity | pathogens release "antigens" proteins, polysacchar, lip recognized as fortein -antigens are recognized by binding to specific host receptors called antibodies or Igs | 8 | |
| 3531432612 | Antibody | 2 identical heavy chain, 2 light variable regions shared by N termini of chain -constant region -exist before infection | 9 | |
| 3531463760 | 5 diff constant regions | IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE | 10 | |
| 3531467714 | IgM | pentameric, at early stages of immune response | 11 | |
| 3531470266 | IgA | secreted in tears, GI tract, milk, secreted by Transcytosis | 12 | |
| 3531473379 | Primary response | mostly IgM- weaker binding affinity but many binding sites | 13 | |
| 3531477370 | Secondary exposure | usually IgG | 14 | |
| 3531481230 | Antibody response | prior to infection, antibodies located on surface of B cells during infection, few B cells with useful antibodies divide and differentiate --> plasma cells: secrete large amount of IgM, IgG, IgA --> memory cells: ensure faster response during future infections -Macrophage capture antigen and put on outside -T helper cell (CD4 cell) evaluate antigen and if it is a threat, takes antigen to B cell and find the match -memory cells make response faster | 15 | |
| 3531512649 | 4 ways antibodies protect host | 1) neutralization- impedes binding of pathogen to host membrane 2) agglutination- antibodies bind 2 or more antigens and results in large aggregates of antibodies and antigens that can be cleared from the body 3) antibody binding to surface of pathogen stimulates engulfment by phagocytosis 4) complement mediated lysis -complement cascade stim by antibodies bound to bacteria -result in pore formation in bacterial membrane | 16 | |
| 3531707974 | Cell-mediated immune system | -antibodies are ineffective against intracellular pathogens -infected cells of any type can alert cytotoxic T cells they have been infected -antigens from within the infected cell are degraded to peptides -peptides bind to MHC proteins and present on cell surface -recognized by T cell receptor of cytotoxic T cell -cytotoxic T cells respond by releasing proteins that kill infected cell | 17 | |
| 3531741561 | Natural active | antigens enter body and induces antibodies | 18 | |
| 3531749989 | Natural passive | antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta (IgG) or from breastfeeding (IgA) | 19 | |
| 3531756437 | Artificial active | vaccines body produces antibodies | 20 | |
| 3531767649 | Artificial passive | preformed antibodies in immune system are injected | 21 | |
| 3531774376 | Artificial Passive Immunity: Antitoxins | toxoid injected into animal or person ( toxin made harmless with formaldehyde) -protection is short lived -repeated doses give less protection, risk of introducing pathogens like HIV and Hep | 22 |
