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Imperialism Flashcards

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336125369New imperialismterritorial conquests by Europe and the U.S.; more conquests inland due to mil. and med. tech (railroads, weapons, quinine)0
336125370Political motives of imperialismpower and land1
336125371Cultural motives of imperialismimprove rights of women, spread Christianity2
336125372Economic motives of imperialismneed minerals and crops for indust.; businessmen protect against foreign comp.; end slavery (replaced by cheap indigenous labor)3
336125373Exploration imperialism14 and 1500s; less penetration of African and Asian interior; less direct infl.4
336125374Coloniesregions politically controlled by distant country (Dutch in S. Africa, British in India)5
336125375Protectoratesrel. protection and partial control by superior power over dependent country (Cuba, Panama)6
336125376Spheres of influencearea controlled pol./econ. by one nation (Euro in Africa and China)7
336125377King LeopoldBelgium king who took control of Congo; exploited rubber; turned natives virtually into slaves; kept revenue for himself8
336125378The Berlin Conferenceprompted by King Leopold; European powers divide Africa but don't consult any Africans, result in scramble for Africa9
336125379White Man's Burdenwhite men's duty is to civilize the savage Africans (poem by Rudyard Kipling)10
336125380ZuluSouth Africa; unique fighting style; defeated due to Euros having superior tech.11
336125381Afrikan/Boer WarsBrits est. colony and force Boers to migrate (Great Trek); diamond mining causes tension; Boers win 1st war and lose 2nd12
336125382Apartheidapartness in S. Africa aka segregation; Nelson Mandela and world opinion abolish in early 1990s13
336125383British East India Companyrise of British raj; Battle of Plassey; Brit. victory over Indian and French means less Mughal power14
3361253841st ruling period of Indiapeaceful co-existence; traditional systems15
336125385Zamindarslocal tax collectors under BEIC; over-tax and seize peasant lands16
3361253862nd ruling periodassimilation; change ruling policies b/c corruption in BEIC and rel. revival17
336125387British reformsend social practices like sati; promote English lang.; public schools; missionaries18
336125388Sepoy RebellionIndian soldiers under British control revolt; Badshahi govt. tries to take control of India b/c they object to trade monopoly; rel. conflict; native artisanship reduced19
336125389Result of Sepoy RebellionBritish troops crush mutiny20
336125390The Origin of Species and the Descent of ManCharles Darwin; survival of the fittest21
336125391Social Darwinismnatural selection applies to humans; justified imperialism and eugenics22
336125392British imperialism in AustraliaBritish claim Australia b/c they say Aboriginals are savages; friendly relations at first but then turn into war; Pemulwuy leads attacks against whites; massacre @ Myall Creek23
336125393White Australia PolicyImmigration Restriction Act = only Euros could immigrate to Australia; final parts of act removed in 197324
336125394Egypt under Ottoman Rulelate 1800s O. infl. weak; local beys had more power; Muhammad Ali defeated French and O; as viceroy had almost exclusive control; INDUSTRIALIZED EGYPT25
336125395Suez Canalconnected Med. and Indian Ocean; sell stock in canal; 1882 British declare Egypt a protectorate26
336125396Ottomanslose territory throughout 18 and 1800s; ind. movements in Greece & SE Euro; lose all terr. except Turkey after WWI27
336125397Chinese isolationUntil 1830s; Euros only trade in Canton w/ strict limits28
336125398Opium WarsBrits begin to import more Chinese tea; trade imbalance b/c China no longer imported British cotton; Manchu forbid opium; Chinese forced to sign Treaty of Nanjing29
336125399Taiping RebellionChinese Buddhists try to bring down Manchu govt.; 20 million killed30
336125400Boxer Rebellionthe Righteous and Harmonious Fists try to stop foreign infl. in China; rebellion crushed and leads to end of imperial rule in 191131
336125401Matthew PerryBlack Ships; force J. to est. trade and diplomatic relations w/ U.S.; unequal treaties32
336125402Internal conflict in Japanshogunate's deal w/ west - dishonorable; emperor takes control33
336125403Modernization of Meiji Japanabolish feudal order; constitutional government (although suffrage very limited); diet = elected parliament34
336125404Zaibatsustate initiative and private investment; consolidate econ. power in hands of few powerful families35
336125405Social dev.no reforms to ease rural pop.'s burden; massive pop. growth; women inferior at home; high school ed.; silk industry36
336125406Sino-Japanese WarJapan gains infl. over Korea37
336125407Russo-Japanese WarJapan's navy leads to victory over Russia; Russian revolution in 190538
336125408Japan annexes Korea in191039
336125409Japan and Russiaboth latecomers to indust.; isolated; pressure from West; RR and steam engines40

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