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Indian History Flashcards

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32801347711640'sBrits had 5 trading posts- cloth, spices, sugar, taxes0
32801363261877Queen Victoria proclaimed empress of India1
32801380511885Indian congress formed- influenced by western notions of self rule and nationalism2
32801459401919Independence movement, Amritsa massacre, salt revolt3
32801509961935Government of India Act4
32801523661940In Lahore resolution Jinnah called for the implementation of 2 state theory- supported by hindu nationalists, INC wanted secular and untied India5
32801602051942Quit India Campaign begins6
32801602061946Jinnah encourages separatist muslim homeland , lead to attacks on hindus in Calcutta, fearing civil war and with a lack of resources briitsh accelerate withdrawal7
328016667114 of Aug 1947Indian independence8
328017200615 of Aug 1947Pakistani independence9
3280172007Result of announcements of independence14.5 million people crossed borders in the next year, sectarian violence cause 200 000-500 000 people to die, new government struggled to handle population exchanges, magnified by British withdrawal10
3280181289Oct 1947Indian and Pakistani conflict over Kashmir begins11
32801851901950s and 1960sIndians advocate national language, feared linguistically based states would lead to separatism, state granted for Telagu speakers and became a precedent, made it difficult for central government to administer, develop, reform and create national changes12
3280196108condition of India at independencelow economic indicators, life expectancy of 32 years, Nehru embarked on land reforms and industrialization to improve living standards, socialist approach13
32802021721951Abolition of Zamandari system, redistribution of 30 acre plots14
3280203886Failure of land redistributionestate holders retained monopolies, challenged power of dominant castes, expensive compensation15
32802081701952attempts at Maoist cooperative farming failed, limited reduction in inequality and poverty16
32802114901965monsoon failure brought possibility for famine17
32802124051966After green revolution conditions did not improve18
32802151781951-19565 year plans of industrialization- factories built and foreign funding obtained19
32802151791956-19615 year plans of industrialization- factories built and foreign funding obtained20
3280217143goals of 5 year plansimports substituted by Indian goods, self sufficiency, increased employment21
3280217866Reality of 5 year planmixed economy emerged of private enterprise and public investment, protected economy not exposed to international competition stagnating innovation and incentive, Permit Raj- government officials sold permits and licenses for personal profit22
32802216831990economy deregulated23
32802256591914border between India and China drawn by Arthur McMahon, agreement never ratified and china claimed over 52 000 square kilometers of Indian territory24
32802286491950China annexed Tibet25
32802290571954Panscheel agreement hoped to dispel tensions26
32802300141962Nehru ordered troops to take all Indian territories held by Chinese aggressors27
3280232378Oct-Nov 1962China occupied large parts of Assam without significant opposition28
3280233870result of 1962 conflict1400 Indians killed in skirmishes, CHina withdrew under US promises of support, non-alignment discredited, failure by Nehru and Krishna Menon29
32802620851955Nehru visits soviet union to observe their planning methods and strengthen economic relationship30
32802671131961Nehru visits Truman in the states receives 150 million in aid31

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