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Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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323093605Industrial Revolutionmass production of goods by machine; began late 1700s and ended 1800/1900s0
323093606Population growthcaused by new crops, immigration, people marry at younger age, resist disease1
323093607Tradegrowing trade and production infl. by pop. growth; sugar, silk, cotton, porcelain imports; tech.2
323093608Enclosure Actconsolidate lands, tenants become landless farm workers and move to cities3
323093609Rivers and canalseasy transport, water power, trade routes4
323093610Why Britain?leading exporter; marine; less distinct class divisions; unified internal market5
323093611Natural resourcescoal, cotton, wool, tin6
323093612New technologyspecialization, textile, agriculture7
323093613Adam SmithWealth of Nations; division of labor8
323093614Laissez-fairefree market without government interference9
323093615Division of laborworkers specialize in 1 or 2 tasks; > prod. > wealth10
323093616Farmingone exception to division of labor11
323093617Communist Manifestobourgeoisie vs. proletariat; change society - be ruling class12
323093618Steam EngineJames Watt; energy for machines; factories away from water13
323093619Cotton GinEli Whitney; increase cotton prod. and supply14
323093620Bacteria and Pasteurization:louis pasteur; immunization15
323093621SmallpoxEdward Jenner16
323093622Bessemer SteelHenry Bessemer; refine iron into stronger steel17
323093623Spinning jennyJames Hargreaves; increase textile; makes textile industry Britain's biggest18
32309362420%of the world exposed to industrialization19
323093625Railroads and steamshipstransport goods by land and sea; more people have acces to goods at lower price; > demand20
323093626TelegraphSamuel Morse; improved communication w/ businesses, cities, and countries21
323093627Canalsconnect waterways; transport resources and finished prod.22
323093628Palm OilWest Africa; export economy23
323093629U.S., Russia, and Japan2nd to industrialize (3 countries)24
323093630Interchangeable partsspeed prod., less skill; Eli Whitney, rifle prod.25
323093631BourgeoisieUpper/middle class; factory owners26
323093632ProletariatWorking class27
323093633Global Economyindustrialists want new materials and markets; growth of export economy28
323093634Decline of agriculture based economyCotton industry in India29
323093635British and French try to openChinese markets30
323093636United Fruit companymonopoly over economy, production, labor, and politics31
323093637Banana Republicexport nations dominated by companies; rubber from the Congo32
323093638Financial institutionsfacilitate investments of capital; stock markets; insurance33
323093639Utopiapeaceful; voluntary surrender means of prod. end poverty34
323093640Marxismclass struggle leads from oppression to classless society35
323093641Anarchismall forms of govt. undesirable36
323093642ResistanceQing and Ottoman37
323093643Meiji Japanagric. tax increases to pay for govt. sponsored industries, turn over to private sector38
323093644Factory and RR dev. in Tsarist Russiaabolish serfdom; govt. funded RR & fact.; tarrifs protect russian industry39
323093645Capitalismprivate ownership of industry; free competition; unequal economic classes40
323093646Socialismpublic ownership and broad control of industry; goal is working class controls and benefits; co-exists with capitalism41
323093647Communismpublic ownership and central control of industry; goal is classless society; no capitalism42

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