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| 82843834 | Wilhelm Wundt | german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879 | |
| 82843835 | William James | founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology, father of American psych | |
| 82843836 | Edward Titchener | student of Wundt; popularized the method of introspection, structuralism | |
| 82843837 | Functionalism | stressed importance of how behavior functions to allow people and animals adapt; early school of psych that emphasized studying purpose of behavior and mental experiences, no longer exists, behavior is a function of your environment | |
| 82843838 | Structuralism | most complex conscious experiences can be broken down into elemental structures of feelings, breaking down of experiences into conscious structures | |
| 82843839 | psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes | |
| 82843840 | Biological Perspective | emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior--the body and brain | |
| 82843841 | Humanistic Perspective | self-actualization, self-growth and free will, focus on the motivation of people to grow psychologically, influence of interpersonal relationships and choice | |
| 82843842 | Psychodynamic Perspective | unconscious mind influences behavior, childhood experiences, repression, dreams, importance on unconscious influences, early life experiences | |
| 82843843 | Cognitive Perspective | how info is processed, attention, memory, thinking, important role of metal processes in how people process info, think | |
| 82843844 | Behavioral Perspective | focus on observable behaviors and fundamental laws of learning, study how behavior is acquired by environment, rewards and punishments, environmental interaction, we learn from observing | |
| 82843845 | Evolutionary Perspective | application of the principles of evolution to explain psychological process, we act to survive=survival behaviours, Darwin, phobias | |
| 82843846 | Cross Cultural/ socialcultural perspective | culture is key influence, traditions, norms, values, roles (gender) how culture influences behavior patterns | |
| 82843847 | social psychologists | explore connections by scientifically studying how we think about, influence and relate to one another | |
| 82843848 | group polarization | enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies (inclinations) | |
| 82843849 | attribution theory | suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation of the person's disposition--fritz heider | |
| 82843850 | groupthink | mode of thinking that occurs when desire for harmony in a decision, making group overrides a realistic appraisal of other options, the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. | |
| 82843851 | fundamental attribution error | tendency for observers to underestimate impact of situation and over estimate impact of personal disposition (personality) | |
| 82843852 | minority influence | The power of one or two individuals to sway majorities. | |
| 82843853 | attitudes | feelings based on our beliefs that predispose our reactions to objects, people and events | |
| 82843854 | self fulfilling prophecies | occurs when expectations about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations | |
| 82843855 | foot-in-the-door phenomenon | tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger one | |
| 82843856 | prejudice | An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. it generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. | |
| 82843857 | Philip Zimbardo | created stanford prison experiment, psychologist | |
| 82843858 | stereotypes | generalized belief about a group | |
| 82843859 | Standford Prison Experiment | philip zimbardo randomply assigned college students to either be prisoners or guards and watched how they became the characters they were assigned--lasted only 6 days | |
| 82843860 | discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members | |
| 82843861 | cognitive dissonance theory | we act to reduce discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent, Leon Festinger | |
| 82843862 | ingroup | "Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity | |
| 82843863 | conformity | adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard | |
| 82843864 | outgroup | "them"—those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup. | |
| 82843865 | Solomon Asch | conformity; showed that social pressure can make a person say something that is obviously incorrect ; in a famous study in which participants were shown cards with lines of different lengths and were asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length | |
| 82843866 | ingroup bias | the tendency to favor one's own group | |
| 82843867 | normative social influence | we are sensitive to social norm, avoid rejection | |
| 82843868 | scapegoat theory | the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame | |
| 82843869 | informational social influence | when we accept others' opinions about reality | |
| 82843870 | just-world phenomenon | tendency to believe the world is just--good is rewarded and evil is punished | |
| 82843871 | Stanley Milgram | social psychologist, undertook famous experiment, obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were capable of committing evil actions | |
| 82843872 | social traps | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior | |
| 82843873 | social facilitation | stronger performance in others' presence | |
| 82843874 | mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 759) | |
| 82843875 | social loafing | tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal | |
| 82843876 | altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others | |
| 82843877 | deindividuation | abandoning normal restraint to the power of the group, less self conscious and restrained | |
| 82843878 | bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present | |
| 83988256 | Sigmund Freud | psychoanalysis; | |
| 83988257 | maslow | humanistic psych | |
| 83988258 | carl rogers | humanistic psych | |
| 83988259 | pavlov | dogs, behaviorism | |
| 83988260 | b.f. skinner | behaviorism, reward and punishment | |
| 83988261 | watson | american behaviorism, "baby albert" babies` | |
| 83988262 | structuralism | introspection; breaking down of experiences into conscious structures | |
| 83988263 | functionalism | behavior is a function of your environment | |
| 83988264 | behaviorism | overt behaviors that can be observed | |
| 83988265 | psychoanalysis | unconscious thoughts | |
| 83988266 | humanistic psych | free will, best potential |
