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| 9901318564 | mental disorder | persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment | 0 | |
| 9901332973 | medical model | abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illness have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures | 1 | |
| 9901376527 | Theory of physiognomy | mental disorders could be diagnosed from facial features now considered superstition (early 20th century) | 2 | |
| 9901389013 | signs | objectively observed indicators of a disorder | 3 | |
| 9901391801 | symptoms | subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, and emotions | 4 | |
| 9901404682 | disorder | refers to a common set of signs and symptoms | 5 | |
| 9901408024 | disease | a known pathological process affecting the body | 6 | |
| 9901411822 | diagnosis | a determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present | 7 | |
| 9901426214 | DSM | classification system; describes features used to diagnosis each recognized mental disorder; how disorders can be distinguished from one another | 8 | |
| 9901438194 | DSM II | first revision; provides common language for talking about disorders | 9 | |
| 9901442713 | DSM III and DSM IV | moved from vague disorder descriptions; provides detailed list of symptoms/diagnostic criteria for more than 200 disorders; improves reliability in diagnosis of mental disorders | 10 | |
| 9901462092 | DSM V | diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; describes 22 major categories containing more than 200 different mental disorders | 11 | |
| 9901475284 | comorbidity | co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual | 12 | |
| 9901641556 | medical model of a mental disorder | suggests that knowing a person's diagnosis is useful because any given category of mental illness is likely to have a distinctive cause | 13 | |
| 9901657511 | diathesis-stress model | a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress | 14 | |
| 9901671818 | biological factors | genes, cells, brain circuits | 15 | |
| 9901677478 | psychological factors | learning, attention, memory | 16 | |
| 9901679787 | social processes | attachment, self-perception | 17 | |
| 9901684745 | anxiety disorder | class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature | 18 | |
| 9901696629 | generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) | characterized by chronic excessive worry; accompanied by (≥3): restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance | 19 | |
| 9901751590 | phobic disorders | characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations | 20 | |
| 9901768263 | specific phobias | involves an irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function | 21 | |
| 9901787862 | social phobias | involves an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed | 22 | |
| 9901798481 | preparedness theory | idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears | 23 | |
| 9901814713 | panic disorders | characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror; panic attacks | 24 | |
| 9901825306 | agoraphobia | specific phobia involving a fear of public places | 25 | |
| 9901833869 | obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | in which intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts that interfere significantly with an individual's functioning | 26 | |
| 9901860676 | post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind | 27 | |
| 9901878129 | mood disorders | mental disorders that have mental disturbances as their predominant feature | 28 | |
| 9901883635 | major depressive disorder (MDD or unipolar disorder) | characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts ≥2 weeks; accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure (anhedonia), lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances | 29 | |
| 9901911566 | seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | depression that involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern | 30 | |
| 9901929356 | helplessness theory | ideal that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global | 31 | |
| 9901939030 | updated cognitive model | negative schema developed in depressed people through combination of genetic vulnerability and negative early life experiences | 32 | |
| 9901947780 | bipolar disorder | unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistence high mood (mania) and low mood (depression) | 33 | |
| 9901987097 | expressed emotion | measure of how much hostility, criticism, and emotional over-involvement are used when speaking about a family member with a mental disorder | 34 | |
| 9901998828 | schizophrenia | characterized by; a profound disruption of a basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion and disturbances in thought, mind and behavior | 35 | |
| 9902017214 | delusion | patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality | 36 | |
| 9902029489 | hallucination | false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation | 37 | |
| 9902045342 | disorganized speech | severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently from one to another unrelated topic | 38 | |
| 9902055781 | grossly disorganized behavior | behavior that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances | 39 | |
| 9902067470 | dopamine hypothesis | idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity | 40 | |
| 9902088920 | autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities | 41 | |
| 9902112838 | early theories | childhood schizophrenia | 42 | |
| 9902127136 | current model (ASD) | impaired capacity for empathizing; decreased activity in areas associated with understanding others | 43 | |
| 9902138777 | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | persistent pattern of severe problems with attention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning | 44 | |
| 9902153574 | conduct disorder | persistent pattern of deviant behavior, involving aggression to people or animals, destruction, or serious rule violations | 45 | |
| 9902167853 | personality disorder | characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning | 46 | |
| 9902180610 | organization of disorders (3) | odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic, and anxious/inhibited | 47 | |
| 9902197089 | suicide | refers to intentional self-inflicted death | 48 | |
| 9902212109 | nonfatal suicide attempt | potential harmful behavior with some intention of dying; higher incidence than suicide deaths | 49 | |
| 9902221909 | non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) | direct; deliberate destruction of body tissue in the absence of any intent to die | 50 | |
| 9957414597 | positive symptoms (schizophrenia) | include thoughts and behaviors not seen in those without the disorder | 51 | |
| 9957440969 | catatonic behavior (schizophrenia) | marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity; medication-induced movement disorders | 52 | |
| 9957448084 | negative symptoms | are deficits or disruptions to normal emotions and behavior; includes emotional/social withdrawal, apathy, poverty of speech, absence of "normal behavior" | 53 | |
| 9979197958 | current theory | heterogeneous set of traits that cluster together in some families | 54 |
