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| 4442152189 | Antigen | An ______ is a foreign substance that causes an immune response in host. | 0 | |
| 4442152190 | Cross Immunity | Edward Jenner's work with smallpox and cowpox is an example of ______ ______ | 1 | |
| 4442152191 | Rabies, Vaccination, and Attenuation | Louis Pasteur's worked with _______, _____, and ________. | 2 | |
| 4442152192 | Macrophages | __________ are a cellular component of innate immunity. | 3 | |
| 4442152193 | Acquired immunity | _______ _______ is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure and results in an increased immune response. | 4 | |
| 4442152194 | External system | _______ ______: Attempts to prevent entry of pathogens. | 5 | |
| 4442152195 | Internal system | _______ _______: Deals with pathogens that gain entry. | 6 | |
| 4442152196 | Unbroken, Lactic Acid, mucous and cilia, urine, stomach, Lysozyme, Normal Flora | External Defenses include: ________ skin, _______ ______ in sweat, Respiratory tract's _________ secretions and _______, Flushing action of _______, plus it is slightly acidic, Acidity of the ________, ______ found in many secretions such as tears and saliva and is directly in oxidative killing of target cells, and _____ _____. | 7 | |
| 4442152197 | Shorter lag phase | Give an example of secondary response. | 8 | |
| 4442152198 | Natural Immunity | _______ _____ depends on normally present body functions. | 9 | |
| 4442152199 | Active | _______ means the body forms antibodies | 10 | |
| 4442152200 | Passive | ______ means antibody is formed by someone else. | 11 | |
| 4442152201 | Natural active immunity | _______ _____ ______ from an infection produced by the host examples- measles, mumps, or chicken pox. | 12 | |
| 4442152202 | Artificial active | _____ _____ immunity from vaccination. Ex. Diphtheria toxin. | 13 | |
| 4442152203 | Natural passive immunity | _______ _______ ______ transfer in vivo(mother to infant) not produced by infant. Ex: breast milk | 14 | |
| 4442152204 | Artificial passive | ______ _____ infusion of serum or plasma with antibodies not produced by host (example tetanus antitoxin given after stepping on a rusty nail). | 15 | |
| 4442152205 | Age, nutrition, vitamins, minerals, stress and hormones | Factors affecting the immune response are what 6 things? | 16 | |
| 4442152206 | Cellular defense mechanisms | Internal defense utilizes ______ ______ _____. Examples-Neutrophils. | 17 | |
| 4442152207 | Chronic inflammation | Tissue damage and loss of function may result from _______ _______. | 18 | |
| 4442152208 | C-Reactivate Protein | ___ ______ _____ is the best indicator of acute inflammation. | 19 | |
| 4442152209 | Opsonin | The major function of C-Reactivate Protein (CRP) is it acts as an ______. | 20 | |
| 4442152210 | Heart attack, Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory | Measurement of CRP levels could be used for: Assess the risk of a _____ ____. Flare up of ______ _____. Detect an _________ response. | 21 | |
| 4442152211 | Inflammation | CRP is a protein that only changes in concentration significantly in response to _______ and is not delectable when there is no ______. | 22 | |
| 4442152212 | Neutrophils | Actions of myeloid cells include ______. | 23 | |
| 4442152213 | Toll-like receptors | An additional mechanism recently discovered on certain cells is _____-_____ ________. | 24 | |
| 4442152214 | Toll | _______ is a protein that plays an important role in antifungal immunity in the adult. | 25 | |
| 4442152215 | Neutrophils | _______ are very effective at phagocytosis because of the chemicals and enzymes they contain. | 26 | |
| 4442152216 | Eosinophils | _________ are involved in the immune response against multicellular parasites. | 27 | |
| 4442152217 | Monocytes, macrophages | _______ are effective at after about 70 hours they migrate to the tissues and become _______. | 28 | |
| 4442152218 | Diapedsis | _______ is neutrophils squeezing through endothelial cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues. | 29 | |
| 4442152219 | Opsonization | _________ enhances phagocytosis | 30 | |
| 4442152220 | Opsonins | ______ are serum proteins that attach to a foreign substance and help prepare it for phagocytosis. | 31 | |
| 4442152221 | C-Reactivate Protein, Complement components, and antibodies | Examples of opsonins include what 3 things? | 32 | |
| 4442152222 | Cellular defense mechanisms | Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Mast cells, and Dendritic cells are _____ _____ _____. | 33 | |
| 4442152223 | Antibody production and cell to cell immunity (combat) | Lymphocytes are not considered part of natural immunity because the function in what two things? | 34 | |
| 4442152224 | Lymph nodes | Immune response to foreign antigen in the tissue mainly occur in the _____ _____. | 35 | |
| 4442152225 | Neutrophils | _______ are the primary cell involved in the acute inflammatory response. | 36 | |
| 4442152226 | Chemotaxis | ________ is the process where phagocytic cells are attracted toward a substance. | 37 | |
| 4442152227 | Stem cells, bone marrow | All lymphocytes are created from ____ ____ in the ____ ____ and change into different groups in the primary lymphoid organs. | 38 | |
| 4442152228 | Bone marrow and thymus | The primary lymphoid organs in humans are what two organs? | 39 | |
| 4442152229 | Lymphopoiesis | _________ or reproduction of lymphocytes occurs in the secondary tissue but this is strictly dependant on antigenic stimulation. | 40 | |
| 4442152230 | Spleen | _______ is the primary site of antigen trapping and presentation to immune cells. | 41 | |
| 4442152231 | Lymph nodes | _______ ______ are located along lymphatic ducts and serve as central collecting points for lymph fluid from surrounding tissues. | 42 | |
| 4442152232 | Drainage, T, B, 1, 25 | Characteristics of a lymph node: filters ________ from tissues, colonized with __ and ___cells. Between __ and ___ mm in size. | 43 | |
| 4442152233 | Dendritic cells | _______ _____ exhibit a large number of receptors for antibody and complement and help to capture antigen to present to T and B cells. | 44 | |
| 4442152234 | Memory cells, humor, antibody | B cells differentiate into _____ _____ and plasma cells are responsible for _____ immunity or ______ formation. | 45 | |
| 4442152235 | Mature naive B cell | What cells have complete IgM molecules? | 46 | |
| 4442152236 | IgD | In addition to IgM, all mature B cells exhibit ____, another class of antibody molecule, on their surface. | 47 | |
| 4442152237 | Memory, antibody-secreting | If a B cells is stimulated by antigen it eventually forms ______ cells and ______-______ plasma cells. | 48 | |
| 4442152238 | Memory lymphocyte | A ______ ______ can recall previous contact with a particular antigen so that subsequent exposure leads to a more rapid and more effective immune response than the first encounter. | 49 | |
| 4448282436 | Drainage, T, B, 1, 25 | Characteristics of a lymph node: filters ________ from tissues, colonized with __ and ___cells. Between __ and ___ mm in size. | 50 | |
| 4448282623 | Dendritic cells | _______ _____ exhibit a large number of receptors for antibody and complement and help to capture antigen to present to T and B cells. | 51 | |
| 4448282624 | Memory cells, humor, antibody | B cells differentiate into _____ _____ and plasma cells are responsible for _____ immunity or ______ formation. | 52 | |
| 4448282625 | Mature naive B cell | What cells have complete IgM molecules? | 53 | |
| 4448282626 | IgD | In addition to IgM, all mature B cells exhibit ____, another class of antibody molecule, on their surface. | 54 | |
| 4448282629 | CD4+ | _______ cells, termed T-helper cells. They recognize antigen and MAC class OIT exogenous peptide (protein). | 55 | |
| 4448282630 | CD8+ | ______ cells are termed T-cytotoxic cells. | 56 | |
| 4448282631 | CD4, CD8 | An immature T cell expresses both ___ and ____. | 57 | |
| 4448282632 | Nk | ____ cells are triggered by lack of MHC antigens, sometimes referred to as recognition of "missing self". | 58 | |
| 4448282633 | Apoptosis | What does kill target cells mean? | 59 | |
| 4448282634 | Adjuvant | _________ is a substance used to enhance antibody formation. | 60 | |
| 4448282635 | Antigen | ______ refers to a substance that reacts with antibody or sensitized T cells | 61 | |
| 4448282636 | Antibody | An _____ attacks the antigen. | 62 | |
| 4448282637 | Influences of an immune response. | Age, Overall health and proper nutrition, Dose of antigen, Route of inoculation, and Genetic predisposition are all considered? | 63 | |
| 4448282638 | Epitopes | _____ are also called antigenic determinant. Key portion of the immunogen that can enter into Ab-Ag reactions. | 64 | |
| 4448282639 | Haptens | ______are nonimmunogenic materials too small to illicit an immune response unless combined with a carrier to create new antigenic determinants. | 65 | |
| 4448282788 | Alloantigens | _______are from other members of the host species. | 66 | |
| 4448282789 | Heterophile | _______ antigens exists in unrelated plants of animals that are either identical or closely related in structure and the antibody in humans will cross-react with the antigens. Antigens not belonging to the host species but from a different species that react in humans. | 67 | |
| 4448282790 | Codominant | Genes that are expressed whether they are in the heterozygous or homozygous state is called? | 68 | |
| 4448282791 | CD4 (helper) T cell | Class II molecules present antigen to ____ __ ___. | 69 | |
| 4448282792 | Antibody formation | If binding occurs with a T cell receptor on a CD4-positive T cell, thr T helper cell recruits and triggers B cell response, resulting in _____ _____. | 70 | |
| 4448282793 | Antibodies | In other words, the T cells tell B cells to make _____. | 71 | |
| 4498418493 | Cytotoxic T cells | What cells are the primary immune response against viruses? | 72 |
