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Introduction to Psychology - Chapter 1

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431476131psychologythe scientific study of behavior and mental processes
431476132behaviorany action that people can observe or measure
431476133cognitive activitiesprivate, unmeasurable mental processes such as dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories
431476134psychological constructstheoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly
431476135theorya statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and happen the way they do
431476136psychiatrista medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; can prescribe medication
431476137psychologistA scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals
431476138clinical psychologya branch of psychology that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders
431476139counseling psychologya branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
431476140school psychologyfield of specialization concerned with evaluating students' interests and abilities and resolving learning and emotional problems in school settings
431476141educational psychologythe study of how psychological processes affect and an enhance teaching and learning; examines curriculum design, teacher training, achievement testing, student motivation, classroom diversity, and other aspects of the educational process.
431476142developmental psychologya branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
431476143personality psychologyConcerned with individual differences and the characteristics and traits that make each person unique
431476144social psychologythe branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions
431476145experimental psychologythe branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
431476146basic researchResearch that has no immediate application and is done for its own sake
431476147environmental psychologyThe field of psychology that studies the ways in which people and the environment influence each other.
431476148comparative psychologybranch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species
431476149consumer psychologybranch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace
431476150industrial psychologythe application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
431476151organizational psychologya subfield of industrial/organizational psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
431476152human factors psychologya branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
431476153community psychologybranch of psychology that focuses on addressing psychological and social needs on a community wide basis
431476154forensic psychologyapplication of psychological principles and methods in a legal environment, especially in court actions
431476155health psychologyThe subfield within psychology that is concerned with the psychological factors that contribute to health, illness, and recovery.
431476156rehabilitation psychologysubfield which assists individuals or their family members with learning how to cope with a disability
431476157cross-cultural psychologybranch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes
431476158introspectiona method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings
431476159associationismthe theory that our understanding of the world occurs through ideas associated with similar sensory experiences and perceptions.
431476160structuralisman early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
431476161functionalisma school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
431476162psychoanalysisFreud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
431476163psychodynamic thinkingthe theory that most of what exists in an individual's mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes
431476164behaviorisman approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
431476165Gestalt psychologyschool of psychology that studies how people perceive and experience objects as whole patterns
431476166biological perspectivethe psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior
431476167evolutionary perspectivefocuses on the evolution of behavior and mental processes
431476168cognitive perspectivethe point of view that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior
431476169humanistic perspectiveSchool of thought that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual's freedom to choose, and capacity for personal growth.
431476170psychoanalytic perspectivethe perspective that emphasizes the influence of unconscious forces in behavior
431476171learning perspectivethe psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior
431476172social-learning theorythe theory that suggests that people can change their environments or create new ones
431476173sociocultural perspectiveA psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior
431476174biopsychosocial perspectivea perspective on psychopathology that emphasizes the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to mental illness.

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