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| A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience | ||
| Learning that certain events occur together - the events may be two stimuli or a response and its consequence | ||
| A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli | ||
| The view that psychology (a) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes - most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) | ||
| In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | ||
| In classical conditioning, a stimulus that uncondiionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response | ||
| In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus | ||
| In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response | ||
| The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response; in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response | ||
| The diminishing of a conditioned response | ||
| The reappearnce, after a rest period, of an extinquished conditioned response | ||
| The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses | ||
| In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli which do not signal an unconditioned stimulus | ||
| A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher | ||
| Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning | ||
| Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences | ||
| Throndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely | ||
| A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking - used in operant conditioning research | ||
| An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal | ||
| In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows | ||
| An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need | ||
| A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through it association with a primary reinforcer (also known as secondary reinforcer) | ||
| Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs | ||
| Reinforcing a response only part of the time - results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals | ||
| An event that decreases the behavior that it follows | ||
| A mental representation of the layout of one's environment | ||
| Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it | ||
| The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do - the person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task | ||
| A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective | ||
| A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment | ||
| Learning by observing others | ||
| The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior | ||
| Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so - the brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy | ||
| Positive, constructive, helpful behavior |
