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| Jews who lived in or came from central Europe. | ||
| "Son of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young man is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community. | ||
| "Daughter of the commandment" (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young woman is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community. | ||
| An ancient name for the land of Israel. | ||
| A branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism. | ||
| A contract; the contract between the Hebrews and their God, Yahweh. | ||
| The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region. | ||
| An early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of the candles for eight days. | ||
| The destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis; also known as Shoah (Hebrew: "extermination"). | ||
| "Ritually correct"; said particularly about food consumption and food preparation. | ||
| A candelabrum usually containing seven—and occasionally nine—branches used for religious celebrations. | ||
| A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews. | ||
| The most traditional branch of Judaism. | ||
| A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression. | ||
| A person inspired by God to speak for him. | ||
| A religious teacher; a Jewish minister. | ||
| A modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism. | ||
| "Beginning of the year"; the celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring on the seventh lunar month. | ||
| "Rest"; the seventh day of the week (Saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work. | ||
| Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region. | ||
| The complete Hebrew Scriptures, made up of the Torah, Prophets, and Writings. | ||
| "Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis. | ||
| The foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer. | ||
| The skullcap worn by devout males. | ||
| Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year. | ||
| The movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel. | ||
| A movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism. |
