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| 84515020 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E he conquered Media, Lydia, Babylon. | 84515020 | |
| 84515021 | Darius | Third ruler of the Persian Empire (ca. 521-486 B.C.E.). He crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persian rather than Medes. | 84515021 | |
| 84515022 | Satrap | The governor of a province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, often a relative of the king. He was responsible for protection of the province and forwarding tribute to the central administration. | 84515022 | |
| 84515023 | Persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury building erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. | 84515023 | |
| 84515024 | Zoroastrianism | A religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda- who engaged in a twelve- thousand- year struggle with demonic forces before prevailing and restoring a pristine world. | 84515024 | |
| 84515025 | Polis | The Greek term for city-state, an urban center and the agricultural territory under its control. | 84515025 | |
| 84515026 | Hoplite | A heavily armored Greek infantryman of the archaic and classical periods who fought in the close-packed phalanx formation. | 84515026 | |
| 84515027 | Tyrant | The term the Greeks used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community. | 84515027 | |
| 84515028 | Democracy | A system of government in which all "citizens" have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protection, as in the Greek language city-states of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. | 84515028 | |
| 84515031 | Sacrifice | A gift given to a deity, often with the aim of creating a relationship, gaining favor, and obligating the god to provide some benefit to the sacrificer, sometimes in order to sustain deity and thereby guarantee the continuing vitality of the world. | 84515031 | |
| 84515032 | Herodotus | heir to the technique of historia-"investigation-Developed by Greeks in the late archaic period. | 84515032 | |
| 84515033 | Pericles | Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that lead to the Peloponnesian War. | 84515033 | |
| 84515034 | Persian wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire ranging from Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius punitive expedition that failed at Marathon (490 B.C.E.) and the defeat of Xerxes' massive invasion of Greece by the Spartan-led Hellenic League (480-479 B.C.E.). | 84515034 | |
| 84515035 | Trireme | Greek and Phoenician warship of the first and fourth centuries B.C.E. | 84515035 | |
| 84515036 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) Who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science ethics and human behavior. | 84515036 | |
| 84515037 | Peloponnesian war | A protracted (431-404 B.C.E.)And costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world. | 84515037 | |
| 84515038 | Alexander | King of Macedonia in the northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus valley, founded many Greek style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 84515038 | |
| 84515039 | Hellenistic age | Historians' term for era, usually dated (323-30 B.C.E.), in which Greek culture spread across western Asia northeastern Africa after the consequences of Alexander the great. | 84515039 | |
| 84515040 | Ptolemies | The Macedonian dynasty, descended from one of Alexander the Great officers, that rule Egypt for three centuries (323-30 B.C.E.). | 84515040 | |
| 84515041 | Alexandria | City of the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of the Ptolemies. | 84515041 |
