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Language AP Flashcards

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15930864178how many languages in the world70000
15930864179what are of the world holds most languages?sub-saharan africa1
15930864180how many languages are spoken by at least 100 million people?102
15930864181how are languages createdlanguage divergence and convergence3
15930864182Examples of dead languagelatin, Phoenician4
15930864183why are languages disappearing at an accelerated rate?globalization5
15930864184hierarchy of language classificationfamily has branches branch have groups groups have language language has dialects dialect has accents6
15930864185dialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.7
15930864186social dialectscan denote social class and standings8
15930864187vernacular dialectsthe common, slang, speech of a region9
15930864188accenthow a language is pronounced10
15930864189how many language families are there1911
15930864190what are the major six?indo-european sino-tibetan afro-asiatic niger-congo dravidian Austraneseian12
15930864191how many people speak at Indo-European language1.5 billion13
15930864192what language family is spoken most widely? by how many people (not only native speakers)Indo-European 50% of world speaker14
15930864193Where did Indo-European language originate?Proto-Indo-Europeans 6000 - 4500 BCE15
15930864194main branchesgermanic, romance, baltic-slavic, Indo-Iranian16
15930864195GermanicDutch German English17
15930864196RomanceSpanish french italian18
15930864197baltic-slavicrussian polish czech19
15930864198Indo-IranianUrdu Hindu Bengali20
15930864199How many countries is English the official language?42 countries21
15930864200why is english so widely spokendiffusion throughout the world of years of British colonialism22
15930864201how did english developceltic tribes germanic tribes Anglo conversion to christianity23
15930864202what language are Romance languages based uponIndo-European24
15930864203what widely spoken language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan familySinitic (mandarin, 1,075) Tibeto-Burman (burmese 32)25
15930864204popular language belongs to Afro-AsiaticArabic26
15930864205revival language belongs to the Afro-Asiatic familyHebrew27
15930864206most prominent language of the Niger-Congo familySwanili28
15930864207polyglot statecountries in which more than one language is spoken29
15930864208monolingualspeakers of only one language30
15930864209does the united states have an official languageno31
15930864210how many official languages in Canada?232
15930864211how many official languages in Nigeria133
15930864212how many official languages in Switzerland434
15930864213how many official languages in India1635
15930864214Six official languagees of the United Nationsenglish mandarin-chinese russian french spanish arabic36
15930864215toponymplace name37
15931215475languageorganized system of spoken words by which people communicate with one another38
15931215476lingua francewhen multiple languages are spoken in one region, one will be used to communicate or conduct trade ( english, french, Swahili)39
15931215477first languageprototongue40
15931215478language divergencespeakers of some language scatter and and develop variations of language41
15931215479language convergencetwo languages become one42
15931215480reverse reconsturctioncommon words for an animal, particularly an econ fr animal and track back to organ of place where animal existed43
15931215481why do we use reverse reconstructionto trace the origins of langauge44
15931215482language replacementwhen a dominating language replaces another language45
15931215483Language Extinctionlanguage is no longer used by people46
15931215484language revivalpeople are trying to preserve logan diversity in language (ainu in japan)47
15931215485what is unique about Basquelanguage is isolated and has no connections to any other lamgauge48
15931215486isolated languagea language that is not related to any other language and this not connected to any language families49
15931215487native languagelamgauge is first language spoken50
15931215488Creole languagea language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with an indigenous language and survives long enough to become a mother tongue51
15931215489english family, branch, group, language, dialects, accentsindo european, germanic branch, west germanic, english, american, boston52
15931215490pidgin languagea form of speech that adopts simplified vocab from a dominating group used for communication between speakers of two different languages53
15931215491why's english adopted as the official language in nigeriato communicate with others54
15931215492BRPBritish Received Pronunciation55
15931215493most widely spoken language in indiaHindi, indo european56
15931215494ideogramspictures that represent concepts rather than sounds ( chinese, japanese)57
15931215495official langaugedeclared to be the language used in legal and government proceedings58
15931215496phonetic symbolsletters used to represent sounds, not ideas59
15969190164racebased on superficial biological characteristics60
15969190165examples of centripetal forcesnationalism, common culture religion, language, ethnicity, the dominant city, symbols like flags and songs, sporting events, compact states ( france)61
15969190166centripetal forceforces that unify a state62
15969190167ethnicitydefined by shared culture traits. based on linkage to ancestral homeland and shared history63
15969190168genocidewhen an ethnic or racial group tries to kill another racial or ethnic group ( Rohingya refugee crisis)64
15969190169culturebased on charmed social characteristics ( religion, language, social, organization, economics, customize and traditions, government65
15969190170ethnic cleansingprocess in which a racial or ethnic group the times to expel another group66
15969190171statea sovereign stare that is over whelmingly dominated by one ethnic city or nationality67
15969190172nationalityterm encompassing all the citizens of a state. aka country68
159691901732 definition of nationalityidentify a group of people who occupy a specific territory and are bound together by a shared ethnicity69
15969190174when was the classification system of race developedeurope 18th century, caucasians, mongoloids, blacks70
159691901751 definition of nationalitya term that encompasses all the citizens of a state71
15969190176largest race in america, 2, 3white, black/african, asian72
15969190177ethnocentrismbelieve your cultural identity to be superior to others73
15969190178largest concentration of african americans locates in americasoutheast74
15969190179largest concentration of asians located in americawest ( california)75
15969190180largest concentration of native americans located in americaarizona, alaska76
15969190181favelapoor ethnic neighborhood ( brazil)77
15969190182barrioneighborhood, indicates slums in venezuela78
15969190183difference between race and ethnicityrace is based on biological features, ethnic groups are culture traits79
15969190184ghettoreligion in which an ethnic minority live because of economic, legal or government pressures80
15969190185is hispanics a race or ethnic groupethnic group81
15969190186ethnic enclavewhere an ethnic minority is concentrated and surrounded by another group82
15969190187general clusters of hispanics in americasouthwest, south east of florida, northeast83
15969190188nationalismloyalty and devotion to a nationally a.k.a. patriotism84
15969190189Why are centripetal forces vital to nationalism?they unify states85
15969190190common centripetal forces seen in the usamerican football86
15969190191centrifugal forceforces that divide a state87
15969190192examples of centrifugal forcesmultiple languages, religions, ethnicity. Excessive immigration to create aheterogeneous society. Income display. elongated or fragmented state88

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