2011 AP Lang Terms and Learning
Terms : Hide Images
| 127305958 | allusion | reference to something outside the story | |
| 127305959 | parallel structure | A pattern of similar phrases or clauses used in different parts of a writing to achieve an affect (make the writing more persuasive, powerful, etc...) | |
| 127305960 | Examplum | Use of examples | |
| 127305961 | Timeline | Creating a timeline in using sentences to describe events in the order they occurrred | |
| 127305962 | Massing of Details | Listing lots of details in writing to make a point | |
| 127305963 | Metaphor | Comparing two different things to make a point | |
| 127305964 | Simile | Same as Metaphor, just using like or as | |
| 127305965 | Imagery | Using descriptive words to create a mental image of an idea or circumstances | |
| 127305966 | Preview of Main Points | A Sentence that tells the reader the main ideas of the essay that are coming up | |
| 127305967 | Thesis | Main idea of any writing | |
| 127305968 | Transition | A sentence or group of words used to tell the reader that the writer is changing ideas | |
| 127305969 | Tying to the Prompt | Explaining how the example or sub-argument answers the prompt(Very Important) | |
| 128341970 | Alliteration | Repetitive use of same-sounding letters in successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. | |
| 128341971 | Consonance | Repetitive use of same-sounding CONSONANTS in successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.. | |
| 128341972 | Assonance | Repetitive use of same-sounding VOWELS in successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. | |
| 128341973 | Anaphora | Repetitive use of the same WORDS at the BEGINNINGs of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. | |
| 128341974 | Epistrophe | Repetitive use of the same WORDS at the ENDINGs of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. | |
| 130209427 | anecdote | personal story | |
| 130209428 | anecdotal evidence | personal story evidence (it is always appropriate on an essay test) | |
| 131348899 | simple repetition | repeating a word, phrase or clause for emphasis and/or persuasive power "Let freedom ring...let freedom ring...let freedom ring." | |
| 131348900 | rhythm | the use of words with similar-sounding syllables for emphasis and/or persuasive power | |
| 131348901 | similar clauses | clauses that have similar word patterns(e.g., I came. I saw. I conquered.) | |
| 131348902 | parallelism | the repetition of similar words, phrases, clauses, rhythm, or rhyme, to build persuasive power(to win over the audience) | |
| 131348903 | syntax | the order and pattern of words, phrases, clauses, and punctuation | |
| 131348904 | phrase | any group of words missing either the subject or verb or both | |
| 131348905 | clause | any group of words with both a subject and verb (and usually the stuff around the verb, which--when combined with the verb, are called the verb phrase) | |
| 131348906 | dependent phrase | a phrase that cannot stand alone(phrases are missing either a subject or a verb) | |
| 131348907 | dependent clause | a clause that is worded in such a way that it cannot stand by itself even though it HAS a subject and a verb | |
| 131348908 | appositive phrase | a phrase that refers to a noun, usually in the middle of a sentence, set off by commas or dashes | |
| 131348909 | dashes are (Loyaism) | longer than hypens so make sure you do that right. | |
| 131350562 | inverted syntax or inversion | when the subject and verb are in reverse order for effect "Cheese, I like." | |
| 131350563 | Basic Syntax | Subject followed by Verb(S + VP) | |
| 131350564 | Why we need advanced syntax | Because the College English Placement test REQUIRES IT! | |
| 131456182 | epistolary | of or relating to letter-writing | |
| 131456183 | epistemology | the study of knowing reality or truth | |
| 131456184 | legal epistemology | the epistemology which values equal argument, fairness, and dueling points of view | |
| 133823246 | Rogerian epistemology | the style of thinking that values seeing both sides of everything--and valuing both sides in an argument | |
| 140435554 | deduction | Moving from large assumptions to smaller truths; (e.g. All men mortal->Socrates is mortal; morality; religion) | |
| 140435555 | induction | Moving from smallish evidence to larger conclusions(e.g. statistics; generalizations, evidence, criminology) | |
| 140435556 | metonymy | when one intends to speak of an object but just mentions a term linked to it(the Oval Office for President; a badge for a policeman) | |
| 140435557 | abstract | non-tangible idea or concept(God, love, truth, romance) | |
| 140435558 | concrete | tangible or touchable object or concept(car, gift, viewable skills, actions) | |
| 140436988 | active voice | when the subject is the actor or do-er of the sentence: The Cheetah beat the Gorilla. | |
| 140436989 | passive voice | when the subject is being acted upon in the sentence: The Gorilla Was Beaten by the Cheetah. (Was beaten) | |
| 145097472 | synecdoche | When parts of something are referred to but the intended meaning is the whole object not just the part. "All hands on deck."-->Means all people on deck, not just their hands. | |
| 145967723 | doppleganger | a character's double in a story. Dr. Jekyll is the doppleganger of Mr. Hyde. | |
| 145967724 | apostrophe | a break from the discussion to address a person or personified thing, either present or not present. "O life, hear me." | |
| 145967725 | diacope | repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase as a method of emphasis: •We will do it, I tell you; we will do it. | |
| 145967726 | antimetabole | reversing the order of repeated words or phrases (a loosely chiastic structure, AB-BA) to intensify the final formulation, to present alternatives, or to show contrast: Do you play to work or work to play? | |
| 145967727 | loose sentence | when the main clause ends in a comma and any number of words that are unessential follow after the comma | |
| 145967728 | periodic sentence | when the main clause is witheld until the end of the sentence, or it can also be that the main clause is interrupted | |
| 145967729 | latent sentence | the main clause or the most important part of the sentence comes at the very end to create suspense or surprise.(Usually of a long sentence) "Over the sands, over the seas, through the forests, through time and space, I traveled." | |
| 145968583 | short syntax | short sentences 5 words or less; staccato-sounding, short, rhythmic. | |
| 145968584 | medium syntax | 6 words to 13 words, or so, per sentence. | |
| 145968585 | elongated syntax | long phrases and clauses in sentences; long sentences that hold meaning and slowly carve the meaning to the audience | |
| 148591917 | logical fallacy | a flaw or major issue in reasoning(makes the argument incorrect) | |
| 148591918 | slippery slope argument | an argument that incorrectly says one event will lead to other unrelated terrible events(not doing homework will lead to drugs); the error is that one does not necessarily lead to another | |
| 166061636 | PARODY | a humorous imitation of another, usually serious, work, imitating the tone, language, and shape of the original.(From Satire Set) | |
| 166061637 | INVERSION | a reversal of position, order, form, or relationship(usually humorous to show how silly or ridiculous that thing being made fun of is normally)[From Satire Set} | |
| 166061638 | SATIRE | the literary art of ridiculing something in order to expose or correct it ..(You must know this) | |
| 166061639 | HYPERBOLE | a boldly exaggerated statement or "overstatement" that adds emphasis but is not intended to be literally true. For ex: "He was larger than a Buick.".(From Satire Set) | |
| 166061640 | SARCASM | a form of sneering criticism in which disapproval is often expressed as ironic praise."Oh of course we loved the homework."(From Satire) | |
| 166061641 | PUN | A play on words that relies on a word's having more than one meaning or sounding like another word. "He said puck you, and go to pudruckers!".(From Satire) | |
| 166061642 | UNDERSTATEMENT | a figure of speech that says less than is intended, usually for comic or ironic effect."I only slightly disenjoy being stabbed to death on my wedding day.".(From Satire) | |
| 166061643 | VERBAL IRONY | when someone says or does the opposite of what is expected (--in satire this is used often to ridicule something or someone) | |
| 166061644 | SITUATIONAL IRONY | occurs when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.(From Satire) | |
| 166061645 | INVECTIVE | speech or writing that abuses, denounces, or attacks. It can be directed against a person, cause, idea, or system. [It employs a heavy use of negative emotive language.](From Satire) |
