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MacArthur AP III and AP IV Additional Terms for AP Exam Flashcards

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6440318073AbstractLanguage that describes concepts rather than concrete images.0
6440325965Ad HominemAn attack on the person rather than the persons ideas: "against the man."1
6440330685AllegoryWork that functions on a symbolic level.2
6440333624AllusionReference contained in a work.3
6440335637AnalogyBasis for comparison. A comparison to a parallel situation.4
6440339267AnecdoteStory or brief episode told to make a point.5
6440342680AntecedentWord, clause, or phrase to which the pronoun refers.6
6440347934AntithesisTwo contrasting images; ideas balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraph.7
6440352728ArgumentSingle assertion or a series of them presented and defended by writer.8
6440356062AttitudeRelationship an author has toward subject and/or audience.9
6440358754BalanceSituation in which all parts of the presentation are equal; i.e., in sentences, paragraphs, or sections of a longer work.10
6440365645CacophonyHarsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage of literary work.11
6440369287CharacterOne carrying out action of plot in literature; i.e., major, minor, static, or dynamic types.12
6440374218ColloquialSlang in writing, used to provide local color and informality.13
6440377361Comic ReliefInclusion of humorous character or scene to contrast and intensify tragic event.14
6440381441ConflictClash between opposing forces in a literary work.15
6440385494Connective TissueElements that create coherence in a written piece.16
6440411806ConnotationInterpretation of word based on associated images rather than literal meaning.17
6440416700DeductionProcess of moving from general rule to specific example.18
6440419503DenotationLiteral or dictionary meaning of a word.19
6440421978DialectRe-creation of a regional spoken language, such as Southern dialect.20
6440424853DictionAuthor's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning.21
6440428122DidacticWork wholly designed to teach; usually formal.22
6440434337DiscourseDiscussion of specific topic.23
6440438814EllipsisSeries of three periods indication omission of word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, or whole section from a text.24
6440444822EpigraphQuotation at beginning of a work that hints at its theme.25
6440454062EupemismMore acceptable or pleasant way of saying something that might be either inappropriate or uncomfortable.26
6440458851EuphonyPlease, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.27
6440461829ExpositionBackground information presented in a literary work.28
6440465734Extended MetaphorSustained comparison, often referred to as a "conceit."29
6440468475Figurative LanguageDevices used by writing that are not literal; i.e., metaphor simile, motif, symbol, hyperbole, etc.30
6440477071FlashbackDevice that enables writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes.31
6440480232FormShape or structure of a literary work.32
6440482637HyperboleExtreme exaggeration.33
6440484266ImageVerbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion.34
6440487484Imagerytotal effect of related sensory images in a literary work.35
6440490116InductionProcess moving from a given series of specifics to a generalization.36
6440492798InferenceConclusion on can draw from presented details.37
6440495782InvectiveAbusive attack.38
6440497994IronyUnexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen.39
6440501501LogicProcess of reasoning.40
6440502835Logical FallacyMistake in reasoning.41
6440504512MetaphorDirect comparison between dissimilar things.42
6440506816MetonymyFigure of speech in which a representative term is used for larger idea; i.e., often "part for whole."43
6440511372MonologueSpeech given by one character.44
6440514430MotifRepetition or variations of an image or idea used to develop them and/or characters.45
6440518507NarratorSpeaker of a literary work.46
6440520614OnoamatopoeiaWords that sound like the sound they represent.47
6440524318OxymoronImage of contradictory term; i.e., jumbo shrimp.48
6440527618PacingMovement of a literary piece from one point or section to another.49
6440531178ParableStory that operates on more than one level, often to teach a moral lesson.50
6440534617ParodyComic imitation of a work that ridicules the original.51
6440536750PathosAspects that elicit emotion.52
6440539800PedanticDescribes writing that borders on lecturing; often scholarly, academic, overly difficult and distant.53
6440546468Periodic SentenceMain clause occurs at end of sentence. Phrases and/or dependent clauses precede main clause.54
6440551041PersonificationAssigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts.55
6440557135PersuasionArgument with a goal toward causing audience to act.56
6440562790PlotSeries of events in literary work.57
6440564774Point of ViewMeth of narration in literary work.58
6440567009PunA play on works that often has a comic effect.59
6440571640Reductio ad AbsurdumLatin for "to reduce to the absurd." Can be used both for comic effect and argument. A logical fallacy as it reduces an argument to an "either/or" choice.60
6440582344RhetoricTools enabling a writer to present ideas to audience effectively.61
6440586557Rhetorical QuestionA question posed by not expected to be answered. Used to pose an idea.62
6440590184SarcasmComic technique that ridicules through caustic language.63
6440596788SatireMode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the society without often offering a solution.64
6440604343SettingTime and place of literary work.65
6440739274SimileComparison using "like" or "as."66
6440742052Stage DirectionsPlaywright's specific instructions concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.67
6440748022StanzaUnit of poem, similar in rhyme, meter and length to rest of poem.68
6440750929StructureOrganization and form of work.69
6440752125StyleUnique way author presents ideas and includes diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content.70
6440758030SummaryReducing of original text to essential parts.71
6440761664SyllogismFormat of formal argument, consisting of major premise, minor premise, and conclusion.72
6440766568SymbolSomething standing for something else.73
6440773124SynecdocheFigure of speech utilizing a part as representative of a whole.74
6440776931SyntaxGrammatical structure of prose and poetry.75
6440780157SynthesisIntegration of sources into the development and support of a writer's thesis or claim.76
6440784843ThemeUnderlying ideas illustrated through characterization, motifs, language, plot, etc.77
6440788181ThesisMain idea of a piece of writing.78
6440789735ToneAuthor's attitude toward subject.79
6440791468TransitionWord, phrase, or sentence that links or provides coherence in writing.80
6440796393UnderstatementOpposite of exaggeration.81
6440798537Voice1. Relationship between a sentence's subject and verb; i.e., active vs. passive voice. 2. "Sound" of a writer's style.82

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