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MHS AP Biology - Cell Organelle Flashcards Flashcards

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4877806453nucleus systemThe central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.0
4877806454nuclear envelope/membrane with pores(nucleus) The double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.1
4877806455chromosomes(nucleus) Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Passed form parents to offspring.2
4877806456chromatin(nucleus) A complex of DNA and protein that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.3
4877806457nucleolus(nucleus) The nuclear subdomain that assembles ribosomal subunits in eukaryotic cells.4
4877806458endomembrane systemIncludes the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes, and the cell membrane.5
4877806459vesicles(endomembrane) A small structure consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane.6
4877806460rough endoplasmic reticulum(endomembrane) A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell with a surface studded with ribosomes.7
4877806461smooth endoplasmic reticulum(endomembrane) A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell with a smooth surface.8
4877806462golgi apparatus(endomembrane) A complex of vesicles and folded membranes involved in secretion and intracellular transport.9
4877806463lysosomes(endomembrane) Organelle containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.10
4877806464food vacuole(endomembrane) A vacuole with a digestive function in the protoplasm of protozoan.11
4877806465contractile vacuole(endomembrane) A vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction.12
4877806466central vacuole(endomembrane) Organelle found in plant cells, surrounded by a membrane, that holds materials and waste.13
4877806467cell membrane/plasma membrane(endomembrane) The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.14
4877806468cytoskeleton systemStructure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization.15
4877806469microtubules(cytoskeleton) A microscopic tubular structure acting as conveyer belts inside the cell.16
4877806470microfilaments(cytoskeleton) The thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton, that when linked together can provide stiffness and shape to a membrane.17
4877806472centrosomes(specialized microtubules) (cytoskeleton) Form the network of microtubules that participate in making the cytoskeleton.18
4877806473centrioles(specialized microtubules) (cytoskeleton) Help with cell division of animal cells. Help form spindle fibers.19
4877806474cilia(specialized microtubules) (cytoskeleton) Move a cell, or form a barricade in the lungs of humans to stop harmful particles from entering.20
4877806475flagella(specialized microtubules) (cytoskeleton) Function as locomotion or sensory organelle.21
4877806476ribosomesResponsible for the production of proteins.22
4877806477mitochondriaAn organelle that performs cellular respiration. The "power house" of the cell.23
4877806478chloroplastOrganelles that work to convert light energy into sugars.24
4877806479peroxisomesOrganelle that detoxifies alcohol, breaks down fatty acids, is bound by a single membrane, found in kidney and liver cells25
4877806480cell wallA rigid layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of plant, fungi, and bacteria cells.26
4877806481lipid bilayerdouble phospholipid membrane with the polar hydrophilic heads forming the outer faces and the nonpolar hydrophobic tails pointing toward the inside of the membrane27
4877806482extracellular matrixprovides mechanical support and helps bind adjacent cells together28
4877806487Plants OnlyCentral vacuoles Chloroplasts Cell wall of cellulose Plasmodesmata29
4877806488Animals OnlyLysosomes Centrioles Flagella, cillia Desmosomes, tight, and gap junctions Extracellular matrix (ECM)30

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