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Miller & Levine Chapter 7 Flashcards

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3306695873cellbasic unit of all forms of life0
3306695874cell theoryfundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living thingl and that new cells are produced from existing cells1
3306695875cell membranethin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell2
3306695876nucleusstructure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA3
3306695877eukaryoteorganism whose cells contain a nucleus4
3306695878prokaryoteunicellular organism that lacks a nucleus5
3306695879cytoplasmin eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cell's contents6
3306695880organellespecialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell7
3306695881vacuolecell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates8
3306695882lysosomecell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell9
3306695883cytoskeletonnetwork of protein filaments in a eularyolic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement10
3306695884centriolestructure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division11
3306695885ribosomecell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell12
3306695886endoplasmic reticuluminternal membrane system found in eukaryolic cells13
3306695887golgi apparatusorganelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticules for storage in the cell or release outside of the cell14
3306695888chloroplastorganelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and converts in into chemical energy15
3306695889mitochondrioncell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use16
3306695890cell wallstrong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells17
3306695891lipid bilayerflexible double layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings18
3306695892selectively permeableproperty of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot19
3306695893diffusionprocess by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated20
3306695894facilitated diffusionprocess of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels21
3306695895aquaporinwater channel protein in a cell22
3306695896osmosisdiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane23
3306695897isotonicwhen the concentration of two solutions is the same24
3306695898hypertonicwhen comparing two solutions, the solution with the great concentration of solutes25
3306695899hypotonicwhen comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes26
3306695900osmotic pressurepressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane27
3306695901homeostasisrelatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain28
3306695902tissuegroup of similar cells that perform a particular function29
3306695903organgroup of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions30
3306695904organ systemgroup of organs that work together to perform a specific function31
3306695905receptoron or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone32

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