cultural anthropology exam 1
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| 463351787 | Black English Vernacular (BEV) | A rule-governed dialect of American English with roots in southern English. BEV is spoken by African American youth and by many adults in their casual, intimate speech-sometimes called ebonics | |
| 463351788 | call systems | Systems of communication among nonhuman primates, composed of a limited number of sounds that vary in intensity and duration. Tied to environmental stimuli. | |
| 463351791 | descriptive linguistics | The scientific study of a spoken language, including its phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax. | |
| 463351793 | displacement | A linguistic capacity that allows humans to talk about things and events that are not present. | |
| 463351794 | focal vocabulary | A set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups (those with particular foci of experience or activity), such as types of snow to Eskimos or skiers. | |
| 463351796 | kinesics | The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions. | |
| 463351797 | lexicon | Vocabulary; a dictionary containing all the morphemes in a language and their meaning. | |
| 463351798 | morphology | The study of form; used in linguistics (the study of morphemes and word construction) and for form in general-for example, biomorphology relates to physical form. | |
| 463351799 | phoneme | Significant sound contrast in a language that serves to distinguish meaning, as in minimal pairs. | |
| 463351800 | phonemics | The study of the sound contrasts (phonemes) of a particular language. | |
| 463351801 | phonetics | The study of speech sounds in general; what people actually say in various languages. | |
| 463351802 | phonology | The study of sounds used in speech. | |
| 463351803 | productivity | The ability to use the rules of one's language to create new expressions comprehensible to other speakers; a basic feature of language. | |
| 463351805 | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | Theory that different languages produce different ways of thinking. | |
| 463351806 | semantics | A language's meaning system. | |
| 463351807 | sociolinguistics | Study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context. | |
| 463351810 | syntax | The arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences. | |
| 463351812 | cultural consultant | Someone the ethnographer gets to know in the field, who teaches him or her about their society and culture, aka informant. | |
| 463351813 | emic | The research strategy that focuses on native explanations and criteria of significance. | |
| 463351814 | etic | The research strategy that emphasizes the observer's rather than the natives' explanations, categories, and criteria of significance. | |
| 463351815 | genealogical method | Procedures by which ethnographers discover and record connections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols. | |
| 463351818 | key cultural consultants | An expert on a particular aspect of local life who helps the ethnographer understand that aspect. | |
| 463351820 | longitudinal research | Long-term study of a community, society, culture, or other unit, usually based on repeated visits. | |
| 463351821 | participant observation | A characteristic ethnographic technique; taking part in the events one is observing, describing, and analyzing. | |
| 463351823 | sample | A smaller study group chosen to represent a larger population. | |
| 463351826 | acculturation | the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct. | |
| 463351827 | core values | Key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture and help distinguish it from others. | |
| 463351828 | cultural relativism | The position that the values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect. | |
| 463351829 | cultural rights | Doctrine that certain rights are vested not in individuals but in identifiable groups, such as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies. | |
| 463351830 | diffusion | Borrowing between cultures either directly or through intermediaries | |
| 463351831 | enculturation | The social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations. | |
| 463351832 | ethnocentrism | The tendency to view one's own culture as best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by one's own standards. | |
| 463351837 | human rights | Doctrine that invokes a realm of justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions. Human rights, usually seen as vested in individuals, would include the right to speak freely, to hold religious beliefs without persecution, and not to be enslaved. *Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. (article 16, #2) | |
| 463351844 | symbol | Something, verbal or non-verbal, that arbitrarily and by convention stands for something else, with which it has no necessary or natural connection. | |
| 463351846 | adaptation | the process by which organisms cope with environmental stresses | |
| 463351847 | anthropology | the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors | |
| 463351848 | applied anthropology | the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems | |
| 463351849 | archaeological anthropology | The branch of anthropology that reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains; best known for the study of prehistory. Also known as "archaeology." | |
| 463351851 | biological (or physical) anthropology | The branch of anthropology that studies human biological diversity over time and space-for instance, hominid evolution, human genetics, human biological adaptation; also includes primatology (behavior and evolution of monkeys and apes). Also called physical anthropology | |
| 463351852 | cultural anthropology | The study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. | |
| 463351854 | culture | that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by [humans] as a member of society. *learned, symbolic, shared, all-encompassing, integrated. | |
| 463351855 | ethnography | Field work in a particular culture | |
| 463351856 | ethnology | The theoretical, comparative study of society and culture; compares cultures in time and space | |
| 463351859 | holistic | Interested in the whole of human condition past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture. | |
| 463351860 | linguistic anthropology | The branch of anthropology that studies linguistic variation in time and space. including interrelations between language and culture; includes historical linguistics and sociolinguistics. | |
| 463351861 | natural selection | Originally formulated by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace; the process by which nature selects the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment, such as the tropics. | |
| 463351865 | sociolinguistics | Study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context. | |
| 463515523 | Types of Field Work | journals, photos, videos, artifacts, field notes | |
| 463515524 | Types of Bias | ethnocentrism and incomplete view (gender limitations, teamwork necessary for adequate perspective) | |
| 463515525 | world view | the way the world really is based on our ethos (the way we think we should live in the world) |
