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| 146145887 | motivation | Factors that initiate, direct, and sustain human behavior over time. | |
| 146145888 | instinct | a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned | |
| 146145889 | drive-reduction theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need | |
| 146145890 | homeostasis | internal stability or "steady state" maintained by the body | |
| 146145891 | incentives | External stimuli that motivate behaviors (as opposed to internal drives) | |
| 146145892 | abraham maslow | humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth, Hierarchy of needs | |
| 146145893 | hierarchy of needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active | |
| 146145894 | physiological needs | satisfy thirst/hunger | |
| 146145895 | safety needs | feel world is organized and predictable; feel safe, secure and stable | |
| 146145896 | belongingness/love | love, be loved, belong, be accepted, avoid loneliness, and alienation | |
| 146145897 | esteem | achievement, competence and independence, recognition/respect from others | |
| 146145898 | self actualization | need to live up to full potential | |
| 146145899 | glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. | |
| 146145900 | insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas and released in response to high blood glucose following a meal. it promotes the use and storage of glucose by the body's tissues | |
| 146145901 | ghrelin | a hormone secreted by an empty stomach that sends signals to the brain when a person is hungry. | |
| 146145902 | lateral hypothalamus | sides of hypothalamus, brings on hunger when activated | |
| 146145903 | ventromedial hypothalamus | The part of the hypothalamus that produces feelings of fullness as opposed to hunger, and causes one to stop eating. | |
| 146145904 | leptin | hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used, hunger dampening chemical | |
| 146145905 | set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. | |
| 146145906 | basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure | |
| 146145907 | anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve | |
| 146145908 | bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. | |
| 146145909 | alfred kinsey | regarded by some as the father of the scientific study of human sexuality. Published a series of reports which described common sexual behaviors in the US | |
| 146145910 | sexual response cycle | the four stages of sexual responding described by Matsters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. | |
| 146145911 | masters and johnson | among the first to use laboratory experimentation and observation to study the sexual response cycle (1950s-60s); levels include excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution | |
| 146145912 | estrogen | a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, its levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. | |
| 146145913 | testosterone | the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional ____ in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty | |
| 146145914 | sexual disorders | Conditions involving sexual use of nonhuman objects and acts involving suffering, humiliation, and non-consenting partners. Disorders also include sexual dysfunctions such as inhibition of sexual desire or changes in sexual responses | |
| 146145915 | sexual orientation | an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) | |
| 146145916 | Simon Levay | Compared autopsied brains of homosexual and heterosexual men. Discovered clusters of neurons associated with hypothalamus was larger in heterosexual, discovered that part of hypothalamus is smaller in gay men | |
| 146145917 | ostracism | exclusion from a group | |
| 146145918 | flow | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills | |
| 146145919 | achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas: for attaining a high standard | |
| 146145920 | intrinsic motivation | A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake | |
| 146145921 | extrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment | |
| 146145922 | industrial organizational psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces | |
| 146145923 | personnel psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development | |
| 146145924 | organizational psychology | a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change | |
| 146145925 | interviewer illusion | the tendency for interviewers to overrate their "gut feelings" about a prospective employee | |
| 146145926 | structured interview | Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales | |
| 146145927 | 360 degree feedback | a type of feedback in which you are rated by the CIRCLE of those around you; includes customer rating, supervisor rating, peer rating, and subordinate rating | |
| 146145928 | halo errors | one's overall evaluation of an employee biases ratings of work | |
| 146145929 | leniency/severity | reflect evaluator's tendencies to be too easy/too harsh | |
| 146145930 | recency errors | raters focus only on easily remembered recent behavior | |
| 146145931 | task leadership | goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals | |
| 146145932 | social leadership | group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support. | |
| 146145933 | emotions | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) psychological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience. | |
| 146145934 | James-Lange theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli | |
| 146145935 | Cannon-Baird theory | theory of emotion that says that a stimulus causes simultaneously phsyiological arousal and the subjective experience of an emotion | |
| 146145936 | Schacter's two factor theory | to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and label the arousal | |
| 146145937 | sympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations | |
| 146145938 | parasympathetic nervous system | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy | |
| 146145939 | Arousal theory (Yerkes-Dodson law) | we are motivated by desire to have optimum level of arousal | |
| 146145940 | spillover effect | arousal from one event can influence response to another | |
| 146145941 | Robert Zajonc | contended that we have many emotional reactions apart from our interpretations of a situation | |
| 146145942 | Joseph Ledoux | notes that the amygdala sends more neural projections than it gets backs which makes it easier for our feelings to hijack our thinking | |
| 146145943 | Richard Lazarus | said that our brains process and react to vast amounts of info without conscious awareness | |
| 146145944 | Paul Ekman | found that by teaching researchers to watch for signs of lying they could boost accuracy rates | |
| 146145945 | Carol Izard | led a team to look at different cultural emotions | |
| 146145946 | facial feedback | the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed | |
| 146145947 | valence | the attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome | |
| 146145949 | anterior cingulated cortex | a higher level center for processing emotion, gives input to amygdala | |
| 146145950 | catharsis | emotional release | |
| 146145951 | feel-good, do-good phenomenon | peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood | |
| 146145952 | subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. | |
| 146145953 | adaption-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. | |
| 146145954 | relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. | |
| 146145955 | opponent process theory of emotion | following a strong emotion, an opposing emotion counters the first emotion, lessening the experience of that emotion; on repeated occasions, the opposing emotion becomes stronger | |
| 147850970 | fear, anger, sexual arousal | three emotions that involve similar physiological arousal | |
| 147850971 | anger, contempt, disgust, fear, guilt, happiness, interest/excitement, sadness, shame, surprise | ten basic emotions | |
| 147850972 | conditioning to fear, observing others | name two ways we learn fears | |
| 147850973 | high self esteem, satisfying marriage or close friendships, meaningful religious faith, optimistic outgoing personality, good sleeping habits and regular exercise, work and leisure that engage our skills | name 6 factors that + correlate with happiness | |
| 147850974 | age, gender, education, parenthood, physical attractiveness | name 5 factors that DO NOT correlate with happiness | |
| 147850975 | prenatal hormones, hypothalamus size, corpus callosum size, genetic differences | name 4 biological correlations of sexual orientation | |
| 147850976 | ignorance, guilt of sexual activity, min. communication about birth control, alcohol, mass media norms of unprotected sex | name 5 reasons why usa has higher pregn. rates than canada | |
| 147850977 | evolution--power in #s, survive if you are near people (get safety, food, and procreation) | explain why we need to belong |
