Terms : Hide Images
| 54779802 | population Revolution | huge growth in western europe beginiing about 1730 | 0 | |
| 54779803 | proto- industrialization | Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution. | 1 | |
| 54779804 | American revolution | Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America. | 2 | |
| 54779805 | French Revolution | Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe | 3 | |
| 54779806 | Louis XVI | Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution (1792). | 4 | |
| 54779807 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | Adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source for other liberal movements. (p. 700) | 5 | |
| 54779808 | guillotine | Introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror. | 6 | |
| 54779809 | Congress of Vienna | Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes | 7 | |
| 54779810 | radical | Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes. | 8 | |
| 54779811 | socialism | Political movement with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man. | 9 | |
| 54779812 | nationalism | Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe in the 19th century; often allied with one of other "isms"; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin. | 10 | |
| 54779813 | Greek Revolution | Rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. | 11 | |
| 54779814 | French Revolution | Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe | 12 | |
| 54779815 | Belgian Revolution of 1830 | Produced Belgian independence from the Dutch; established a liberal constitutional monarchy. | 13 | |
| 54779816 | Reform Bill of 1832 | Legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain | 14 | |
| 54779817 | factory system | Not to be confused with the fortified ports of the commercial revolution; intensification of processes of production at single sites during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and firmer discipline. | 15 | |
| 54779818 | Luddites | Workers in Britain (1810-1820) who responded to replacement of human labor by machines during the Industrial Revolution by attempting to destroy the machines; named after a mythical leader, Ned Ludd | 16 | |
| 54779819 | Chartist movement | Attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands for reform beyond the Reform Act of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed. | 17 | |
| 54779820 | French Revolution of 1848 | Overthrew the monarchy established in 1830; briefly established a democratic republic; failure of the republic led to the reestablishment of the French Empire under Napoleon III in 1850 | 18 | |
| 54779821 | American Civil War | Fought from 1861 to 1865; first application of Industrial Revolution to warfare; resulted in abolition of slavery in the United States and reunification of North and South | 19 | |
| 54779822 | transformisimo | Political system in late 19th century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; parliamentary deputies of all parties supported the status quo | 20 | |
| 54779823 | social question | Issues relating to repressed classes in Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution, particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870. | 21 | |
| 54779824 | revisionism | Socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions. | 22 | |
| 54779825 | feminist movements | Sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in Western Europe at the end of the 19th century; revived in light of other issues in the 1960s | 23 | |
| 54779826 | mass leisure culture | An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; based on newspapers, music halls, popular theater, vacation trips, and team sports | 24 | |
| 54779827 | romanticism | Artistic and literary movement of the 19th century in Europe; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflection | 25 | |
| 54779828 | american exceptionalism | Historical argument that the development of the United States was largely distinctive; contact with Western Europe was incidental to the larger development of the United States on its own terms. | 26 | |
| 54779829 | Triple Alliance | Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. | 27 | |
| 54779830 | Triple Entente | Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. | 28 | |
| 54779831 | Balkan nationalism | Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I | 29 | |
| 54779832 | maximilien robespierre | leader of the radical phase | 30 | |
| 54779833 | napolean bonaparte | leading general who soon converted the revolutionary republic to an authoritarian empire | 31 | |
| 54779834 | liberals | focused primarily on issue of political structure | 32 | |
| 54779835 | james watt | scottish artisian, devised a steam engine that could be used for production | 33 | |
| 54779836 | Louis pasteur | discovered germs | 34 | |
| 54779837 | benjamin disraeli | british concervative leader | 35 | |
| 54779838 | count camillo di cavour | in the italian state of piedmont, began even earlier to suport industrial developement and extend the powers of the parliament to please liberal forces | 36 | |
| 54779839 | otto von bismarck | in prusia, the new priminister | 37 | |
| 54779840 | karl marx | founder of social communist theory | 38 | |
| 54779841 | charles Darwin | thoerist to , that humans decended from monkeys and apes and not god | 39 | |
| 54779842 | Albert einstien | famous for his thoery of relativaty | 40 | |
| 54779843 | sigmund freud | viennese physician, established theory of working of the human subconscience | 41 |
