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| A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. | ||
| Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning). | ||
| A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. | ||
| The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. | ||
| In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US) | ||
| In the classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response. | ||
| In classical conditioing the learned response to a preveiously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). | ||
| In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response. | ||
| The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. | ||
| the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced. | ||
| The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. | ||
| The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. | ||
| In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. | ||
| a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. | ||
| Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning. | ||
| Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences. | ||
| Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely | ||
| a chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking; used in operant conditioning research | ||
| an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. | ||
| in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. | ||
| increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. | ||
| increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs | ||
| an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need | ||
| A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer. | ||
| Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs. | ||
| reinforcing a response only part of the time. | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses. | ||
| In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed. | ||
| In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. | ||
| An event that decreases the behavior it follows. | ||
| a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. | ||
| Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. | ||
| A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake. | ||
| A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment. | ||
| Learning by observing others. | ||
| The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior. | ||
| Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. | ||
| Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. |
