Divisions of the nervous system...How nerves work
Reflex actions...Parts of the Brain Right and left hemispheres
Importance of avoiding alcohol
Neurological diseases...The sense organs
Much of the presentations is from a Quizlet by Mrs_Roach entitled Human Anatomy: Nervous System & Nervous Tissue
Terms : Hide Images
| 9696845731 | axon | neuron process that carries impulses away from the cell body. |  | 0 |
| 9696845732 | dendrite | neuron process that transmits signals toward the cell body and serves as receptive region of the neuron; most dendrites branch extensively | | 1 |
| 9696845733 | neurilemma | additional sheath external to myelin that is formed by schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system |  | 2 |
| 9696845734 | myelin sheath | just below the neurilemma, formed by oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) and Schwann cells in the PNS | | 3 |
| 9696845735 | node of Ranvier | small gap between myelinated segments where axonal membrane is exposed; increase speed of impulses |  | 4 |
| 9696845736 | microglia | Smallest, least abundant glial cell in the brain and spinal cord that is responsible for repairing damage following injury by removing debris associated with dead neurons and glial cells. |  | 5 |
| 9696845737 | ependymal cells | simple epithelium supporting cells in the CNS that line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord; they have cilia that helps circulate spinal fluid |  | 6 |
| 9696845738 | oligodendrocytes | Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system |  | 7 |
| 9696845739 | Schwann cells | the supporting cells (surrounding axons) in PNS that surround and form myelin sheaths around larger nerve fibers in the PNS |  | 8 |
| 9696845742 | Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of... | - brain -spinal cord |  | 9 |
| 9696845743 | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body; they are afferent (toward CNS), efferent (away from CNS), somatic, and visceral (autonomic) |  | 10 |
| 9696845744 | Bipolar neuron | This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body. |  | 11 |
| 9696845808 | multipolar neuron | A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system. |  | 12 |
| 9696845809 | afferent neuron | neurons that take information from the senses to the brain | 13 | |
| 9696845810 | efferent neuron | Nerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system | 14 | |
| 9696845811 | interneurons | cells in the spinal cord through which reflexes travel without going to the brain |  | 15 |
| 9696845745 | nerve fascicles | These are bundles of nerve fibers (axons). |  | 16 |
| 9696845747 | meninges | The organs of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are covered by 3 connective tissue layers collectively called the meninges | 17 | |
| 9696845748 | glial cells | Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons | 18 | |
| 9696845750 | gray matter | Brain and spinal cord tissue that appears gray with the naked eye; consists mainly of neuronal cell bodies (nuclei) and lacks myelinated axons. | 19 | |
| 9696845751 | white matter | Bundles of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths. | 20 | |
| 9696845752 | blood brain barrier | Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out |  | 21 |
| 9696845757 | cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain | 22 | |
| 9696845758 | peripheral nerves | Are the lines of communication b/w the CNS,the various parts of the body and the external environment. | 23 | |
| 9696845759 | spinal nerves | 31 pairs of nerves coming out from the spinal cord between two vertebrae; dorsal roots are sensory and ventral roots are motor | 24 | |
| 9696845760 | motor nerves | Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs | 25 | |
| 9696845761 | autonomic nervous system | (ANS) , Motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac, and smooth muscle.--also called visceral motor system | 26 | |
| 9696845762 | sympathetic division | Part of autonomic division; mobilizes the body in times of stress, danger or intense emotional arousal; "fight-or-flight" response | 27 | |
| 9696845763 | parasympathetic division | Branch of the autonomic nervous system; it calms and relaxes the body and counteracts the sympathetic division | 28 | |
| 9696845765 | cerebrospinal fluid | Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system. | 29 | |
| 9696845767 | action potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. | 30 | |
| 9696845770 | synapse | A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next. |  | 31 |
| 9696845771 | neurotransmitter | Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons | 32 | |
| 9696845775 | reflex arc | A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus, often without conscious brain involvement. |  | 33 |
| 9696845776 | cerebrum | Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body |  | 34 |
| 9696845777 | cerebellum | A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills. thought and will may be centered here...known to be the 2nd largest region of the brain |  | 35 |
| 9696845778 | brain stem | MAJOR SECTION OF THE BRAIN THAT SERVES AS A PATHWAY FOR IMPULSE CONDUCTION BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD |  | 36 |
| 9696845779 | right hemisphere of brain | controls left side of the body and contains creativity and the arts if non dominant | 37 | |
| 9696845780 | left hemisphere of brain | controls right side of the body and is logical, contains mathamatics, lauguage, & speech if dominant | 38 | |
| 9696845781 | corpus callosum | A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them. |  | 39 |
| 9696845782 | cerebral cortex | The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center. |  | 40 |
| 9696845783 | cerebral lobes | Frontal - Parietal - Occipital - Temporal | 41 | |
| 9696845784 | frontal lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement | 42 | |
| 9696845785 | parietal lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch. | 43 | |
| 9696845786 | occipital lobes | Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields. | 44 | |
| 9696845787 | temporal lobes | Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear. | 45 | |
| 9696845790 | the pons | Assists the medulla oblongata to control breathing. | 46 | |
| 9696845791 | midbrain | A small structure between the hindbrain and forebrain that relays information from the eyes, ears, and skin and that controls certain types of automatic behaviors |  | 47 |
| 9696845792 | Limbic system | A group of neural structures at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that is associated with emotion and motivation |  | 48 |
| 9696845793 | thalamus | A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex. (relay center) | 49 | |
| 9696845794 | hypothalamus | A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs. Neural and Endocrine | 50 | |
| 9696845797 | somatic nervous system | Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles | 51 | |
| 9696845798 | cerebral cortex | Governs thought memory, reasoning sensation and voluntary movement. , Perceptual, cognitive & motor functions, including cognition, memory, language, & emotion. | 52 | |
| 9696845799 | cerebellum functions | coordinates muscular movements, maintains posture and balance | 53 | |
| 9696845800 | brain stem functions | breathing, heart rate, blood pressure | 54 | |
| 9696845801 | hypothalamus functions | body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of pituitary gland. | 55 | |
| 9696845802 | limbic system and frontal lobe functions | emotion and memory | 56 |
