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Neuroscience AP Flashcards

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7696069990Nervous SystemThe body's fast electrical communication system made up of neurotransmitters and neurons.0
7696069991Central Nervous SystemNervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord1
7696076141Peripheral Nervous SystemNervous system made up of nerves extending from the spinal cord that allow for control over the rest of the body2
7696076142Somatic Nervous SystemNervous system that controls VOLUNTARY movements like walking and jumping3
7696078236Autonomic Nervous SystemNervous system that controls INVOLUNTARY movements and responses like heartbeat and emotional reactions4
7696078237Sympathetic Nervous SystemNervous system that prepares the body for mind and action, increases arousal and alertness. Increases blood flow, respiration, and heartbeat.5
7696087297Parasympathetic Nervous SystemNervous system that calms and relaxes the mind and body, decreases arousal and alertness. Decreases blood flow, respiration, and heartbeat6
7696093401NeuroscienceThe study of the brain and nervous system and how it creates our mind and experiences.7
7696116382Neurogenesis8
7696093402NeuronCell of the nervous system. Sends electrical messages throughout the body.9
7696116383Neural NetworkA system of interconnected neurons. Responsible for our intelligence, problem solving, and memory.10
7696093403Sensory NeuronType of neuron that sends information from sense organs (eyes, ears, nose) to the brain.11
7696096533InterneuronType of neuron located only within the brain and spinal cord. These bad boys make up your central nervous system.12
7696096534Motor NeuronType of neuron that sends messages from the brain and to our muscles so that we can move.13
7696122585DendritesPart of the neuron that receives messsages from other neurons. The listener.14
7696124988SomaPart of the neuron that maintains the neurons health. The doctor.15
7696124989AxonPart of the neuron that sends electrical messages to other neurons. The speaker.16
7696124990Myelin SheathPart of the neuron located on the axon. Speeds up neural impulses allowing for a faster nervous system. How exciting!17
7696170869Multiple SclerosisDisease of the nervous system caused by deterioration or damage to the myelin sheath18
7696130449SynapseGap between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another. Neurotransmitters be up in here, up in here.19
7696130450NeurotransmittersChemicals that carry messages across the synapse and influence of moods and emotions.20
7696135024Excitatory NeurotransmittersChemicals in the synapse that stimulate the neuron into firing (neural impulse).21
7696137169Inhibitory NeurotransmittersChemicals in the synapse that prevent the neuron from firing (neural impulse)22
7696140373ReuptakeProcess by which a neurotransmitter fails to find its receptor and returns to it's sending neuron.23
7696148027AgonistA drug that mimics a neurotransmitter24
7696148028AntagonistA drug that block the receptor site for a neurotransmitter25
7696153968Resting PotentialWhen a neuron is capable of firing, but needs a stimulus26
7696153969DepolarizationThe mixing of negative and positive ions within the axon. Creates an action potential or neural impulse.27
7696156405ThresholdThe amount of stimulation a neuron needs to go from resting potential to action potential.28
7696156406Action PotentialThe state of a neuron as it is firing29
7696159228All-or-Nothing ResponseThe tendency of neuron to fire at full strength or not fire at all.30
7696159229UnidirectionalityThe tendency of a neural impulse to go in one direction, from dendrites to axon.31
7696162134Refractory PeriodThe phase of a neuron in which it is recharging after having just fired32
7696162135PolarizationThe separating of negative ions from positive ions as they're pumped out of the axon33
7696173938AcetylcholineControls muscle movement34
7696176510Alzheimer's DiseaseDisease caused by low amounts of acetylcholine. Problems with memory and attention35
7696179664EndorphinsPowerful neurotransmitter that kills pain and create euphoria (pleasure).36
7696179665DopamineNeurotransmitter involved in learning and attention. Acts as the brain's reward chemical when you achieve a task.37
7696183293SchizophreniaDisease caused by high amounts of dopamine. Lots of dopamine, lots of voices in your head38
7696183294Parkinson's DiseaseDisease caused by low amounts of dopamine. Effects movement of the body.39
7696192404Epinephrine / Nor-epinephrineHormone that activates the sympathetic nervous system creating alertness and arousal. Produced by the adrenal gland.40
7696192405Adrenal GlandGland in the body that produces epinephrine41
7696195624GABAPrimary inhibitory neurotransmitter. Prevents a neurons from firing42
7696195625GlutamatePrimary excitatory neurotransmitter. Encourages a neuron to fire43
7696201059EpilepsyDisease caused by too much Glutamate or too little GABA, which causes neurons to be overactive creating seizures.44
7696201060SerotoninInvolved in mood, sleep, and learning. Anti-depressants change how this neurotransmitter functions.45
7696205689DepressionDisease caused by dysfunctional serotonin activity in the synapse. Lack of motivation and loss of happiness.46
7696210795Endocrine SystemBody's slow chemical communication system using hormones travelling through the bloodstream47
7696210796HormoneChemicals released by glands in the endocrine system that affect physical and sexual development as well as emotions.48
7696214550Pituitary GlandLa jefa de la systema endocrine. Tells glands to when and how much of a hormone to release.49
7696216259Hypothalamus50

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