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| 49743280 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant who wrote Il Milione and introduced the West to Eastern Asia | |
| 49743281 | Francisco Pizarro | Conquistador who conquered the Inca. | |
| 49743282 | John Rolfe | Virginia tobacco entrepreneur who married Pocahontas. | |
| 49743283 | Vasco da Gama | Dutch explorer who found a direct route to India. | |
| 49743284 | Francis Drake | Elizabethan-era privateer. | |
| 49743285 | Lord Baltimore | Founded Maryland as a Catholic haven. | |
| 49749097 | Christopher Columbus | Discovered the Americas in 1492. | |
| 49749098 | Humphrey Gilbert | English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America. | |
| 49749099 | Oliver Cromwell | British Lord Protector following the English Civil War. | |
| 49749100 | Francisco Coronado | Sixteenth century Spanish explorer who was the first European to discover the Grand Canyon. | |
| 49749101 | Walter Raleigh | Englishman who led the failed attempt to colonize North Carolina at Roanoke Island. | |
| 49749102 | James Oglethorpe | Philanthropist founder of Georgia as a debtor's colony. | |
| 49749103 | Hernando Cortés | Conquistador who conquered the Aztec. | |
| 49749104 | John Smith | Leader of Jamestown, the first successful English colony in what would become the U.S. | |
| 49749105 | nation-state | Autonomous country. | |
| 49749106 | joint-stock company | Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures. | |
| 49749107 | royal charter | Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens. | |
| 49749108 | slave codes | Laws passed in the colonies to control slaves. | |
| 49749109 | yeoman | Man or farmer owning small estate; middle-class farmer. | |
| 49749110 | squatter | Someone who settles on land without right or title. | |
| 49749111 | primogeniture | Legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land. Landowner's younger sons, forced to seek their fortunes elsewhere, pioneered early exploration and settlement of the Americas. | |
| 49749112 | mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry. | |
| 49749113 | House of Burgesses | Early Virginia colonial democratic government. | |
| 49749114 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia. | |
| 49749115 | Spanish Armada | Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel in 1588. The defeat of the Armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire. | |
| 49749116 | Act of Toleration | Maryland's grant of religious freedom to all Christians; all others, including atheists and Jews, could be executed. | |
| 49749553 | Virginia Company | English joint-stock companies that financed the colonization of America. | |
| 49749554 | Restoration | Reestablishment of Charles II as King of England in 1660. | |
| 49749555 | black legend | False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ. |
