Here it is! It's a massive 194-term Midterm Review, and it essentially combines all the pre-Civil War terms. Yes, it's a lot, but on the test, they won't actually separate between units. If you can get them all, give yourself a pat on the back-you are a true US History Champion! This is part I.
Terms : Hide Images
| 622549662 | Anasazi | A group of Ancient Pueblo people who settled in the present-day southwest United States; first Americans to build permanent settlements | |
| 622549663 | Pueblo Revolt | Uprising that lasted from August 10th-21st, 1680 by Pueblo people against New Spain; also known as Popé's Rebellion | |
| 622549664 | Cherokee | Native Americans who were settled in the southeastern British America, today they live in North Carolina and Oklahoma | |
| 622549665 | Iroquois | A group of Native Americans who aided the British against the French | |
| 622549666 | Ecomienda | Legal American system under the Spanish Crown dealing with Native labor, much like slavery | |
| 622549667 | Bartolomé de las Casas | A reformer who accounted much of the atrocities against Natives, he was very peaceful with them | |
| 622549668 | Coureurs de bois | Independent French-Canadian woodsman who traveled in New France and the interior as fur hunters and Native negotiators | |
| 622549669 | Iroquois Confederacy | The group of Iroquois that aided the British in the Seven Years' War, made treaties with Ben Franklin | |
| 622549670 | Jamestown | An English colony in North America established through a joint-stock company, the first permanent settlement in British America | |
| 622549671 | John Smith | A former leader of the Jamestown colony, he used decree by martial law to establish rule and make the colony survive | |
| 622549672 | Powhatan Confederacy | A group of Native Americans who worked with the English by teaching them survival skills, one member married an Englishman to establish an alliance | |
| 622549673 | Cash Crop | A crop (such as tobacco) that would sell for a high price, helping the economy | |
| 622549674 | Indentured Servants | One who typically gave servitude and labor for about seven years before becoming free, many did not survive through it | |
| 622549675 | Lord Calvert of Maryland | Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore; he established a colony that was religiously tolerant of all types of Christianity in Maryland | |
| 622549676 | Virginia Company | Company named for Elizabeth I, provided nomenclature for Virginia; it was a joint-stock company | |
| 622549677 | Joint-Stock Company | Made of a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king | |
| 622549678 | Indentured Servitude | The opportunity provided to Englishmen to go to the New World through 7 years of labor | |
| 622549679 | Chesapeake Colonies | The encompassing area which Jamestown was a part of; now, it is divided amongst Virginia and Maryland | |
| 622549680 | Middle Colonies | Colonies with more fertile land that were focused on trading | |
| 622549681 | New England Colonies | Colonies that housed Puritans and centered on trade | |
| 622549682 | Mayflower Compact | The basic political and legal system of the colonies, and asserted that power came from the governed | |
| 622549683 | William Bradford | An English separatist and governor of Plymouth; he served for 30 years and established Thanksgiving | |
| 622549684 | Plymouth | A small settlement in Massachusetts made by the Puritans due to a fast approaching winter | |
| 622549685 | John Winthrop | A governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who instilled Puritan ideals and developed the "City upon a hill" theory | |
| 622549686 | "City upon a hill" | The model city for other people to look at and emulate | |
| 622549687 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Powerful colony established by the Congregationalists | |
| 622549688 | Separatists | A Puritan group that was appalled by the corruption of the English church, they went on to move to America | |
| 622549689 | Non-Separatists | The people who did not want to separate from the British/English church | |
| 622549690 | Fundamental orders of Connecticut | Considered the First written constitution of British North America | |
| 622549691 | King Philip's War | Done and led by Metacomet, it was a Native-English conflict which was considered one of the bloodies conflicts between them | |
| 622549692 | Pequot War | War where after Natives attacked the settlers for their integration methods, the colonists retaliated by burning an entire village | |
| 622549693 | Thomas Hooker | The man who found secular Connecticut as a proprietorship | |
| 622549694 | Roger Williams | The founder of secular Rhode Island with intentions of separation from the Puritan church | |
| 622549695 | Anne Hutchinson | Member of the antinomianism which challenged the Puritan beliefs that led to her exile from their community | |
| 622549696 | William Penn | A Quaker and friend of King Charles II who founded Pennsylvania for Quakers | |
| 622549697 | Virginia House of Burgesses | The legislature which allowed for white-male property owners to vote, which in turn needed approval by the British Virginia Company | |
| 622549698 | Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion in Virginia's western frontier against the non-protecting, human-shielding government of the Virginian colonial government, done by young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land | |
| 622549699 | King William's War | The war against the French and the Native Americans on the Canadian border | |
| 622549700 | Triangle Trade | Route amongst North America, Europe, and Africa which exchanged slaves | |
| 622549701 | Olaudah Equiano | An African involved in the British abolition of the slave trade | |
| 622549702 | Middle Passage | The middle leg of the Triangle route in North America where slaves were deposited | |
| 622549703 | Stono Rebellion | A slave rebellion that was highly successful; 20 slaves met at the Stono River and stole weapons, killed people, and liberated slaves, most were ultimately | |
| 622549704 | Mercantilism | Theory where economic power was rooted in a favorable trade balance and control of specie as such | |
| 622549705 | Navigation Acts | Tariffs that required colonists to buy and sell to England only (anything else had to come in from London) | |
| 622549706 | Salutary Neglect | The age of British treatment of colonies during the period preceding the Seven Year' War; England interfered in its colonial affairs as little as possible | |
| 622549707 | Poor Richard's Almanac | Book by Ben Franklin filled with wise words and proverbs that became extremely popular | |
| 622549708 | Cotton Mather | A Puritan minister who was largely responsible for the Salem Witch Trials | |
| 622549709 | Halfway Covenant | Puritan law that allowed children with baptized parents to become baptized; it came because too few second- and third-generation Puritans were willing to testify publicly about their conversion experiences | |
| 622549710 | Great Awakening | A wave of religious revivalism by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield | |
| 622549711 | George Whitefield | Methodist preacher who stressed emotionalism and spirituality (evangelism) | |
| 622549712 | "Sinners in the hands of an angry god" | Graphic depiction of the underworld, a part of speech that was meant to warn agnostics | |
| 622549713 | Albany Plan of Union | Proposed by B. Franklin, it proposed all native settlements and western areas to be under one government. | |
| 622549714 | French and Indian War | Part of the seven years war, this fraction was a war between the French and some natives against the British and the Iroquois. While New France was seceded, many people from the colonies and British commanders died. Mainly fought in Canada. | |
| 622549715 | Proclamation of 1763 | The British government put the western region behind the Appalachians aside for the natives, even though colonists thought it theirs. | |
| 622549716 | John Peter Zenger | A German American who was jailed for writing anti-government ads. | |
| 622549717 | Stamp Act | Law passed by parliament in 1765 to raise revenue in America by requiring taxed, stamped paper for legal documents, publications, and playing cards. | |
| 622549718 | Republican Motherhood | Complex, changing body of ideas, values, and assumptions, closely related to country ideology that influenced American political behavior during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. | |
| 622549719 | Stamp Act Congress | Congress made to protest stamp act | |
| 622549720 | Sons of Liberty | Secret organizations in the colonies formed to oppose the Stamp Act | |
| 622549721 | Declaratory Act | Law passed in 1776 to accompany repeal of the Stamp Act that stated that Parliament had the authority to legislate for colonies "in all cases whatsoever" | |
| 622549722 | Townshend Acts | Acts of Parliament passed in 1767, imposing duties on colonial tea, paint, paper, and glass. | |
| 622549723 | Benjamin Franklin | Founding father from Pennsylvania and the oldest delegate. Wrote many proverbs. | |
| 622549724 | Boston Massacre | Massacre on March 5 1773 during a colonist-soldier conflict, leading to 5 dead colonists. | |
| 622549725 | Tea Act | 1773, Act of Parliament that permitted the East India Company to sell through agents in America w/o paying the duty customarily collected in Britain, thus reducing the retail price. | |
| 622549726 | Boston Tea Party | An early protest done to show hatred for taxes and prices. Colonists dumped tons (literally) of tea into the sea, thus wasting British money and this lead to the Intolerable Acts. | |
| 622549727 | Intolerable Acts | Named such by colonists, they were acts imposed by the British Government in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party. | |
| 622549728 | Quartering Acts | Act passed by British Government stating that when asked, colonists had to house soldiers and pay at their own expenses. | |
| 622549729 | Olive Branch Petition | Pro-George III petition signed by some colonists in hope of reduced atrocities. | |
| 622549730 | 1st Continental Congress | Meeting of delegates from most of the colonies held in 1774 in response to the Coercive Acts. The Congress endorsed the Suffolk resolves, adopted the Declaration of Independence Rights and Grievances, and agreed to establish the Continental Association | |
| 622549731 | Lexington and Concorde | Battles where the British first attacked, resulting in the start of the Revolutionary War. | |
| 622549732 | Loyalists | British colonists who opposed independence from Britain (aka Tories). | |
| 622549733 | Patriots | Colonists who supported independence | |
| 622549734 | Common Sense | Book by Thomas Paine that said the British System was tyrannical and for America; George III was a royal brute | |
| 622549735 | Battle of Saratoga | Battle which foreshadowed, but did not determine, British surrender | |
| 622549736 | Battle of Yorktown | The final battle of the revolution where the British surrendered under Lord Cornwallis | |
| 622549737 | George Washington | Commander-in-chief of the continental army, the leader chosen to represent New England forces | |
| 622549738 | Articles of Confederation | Written Document setting up the loose confederation of states that comprised the 1st national government | |
| 622549739 | Northwest Ordinance | Legislation prohibiting slavery in the Northwest territories and provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the union as co-equal tribes | |
| 622549740 | Federalism | The sharing of powers between the national government and the states | |
| 622549741 | Shay's Rebellion | An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787; the rebellion created a crisis atmosphere | |
| 622549742 | Constitutional Convention | Convention that met in Philadelphia in 1787 and drafted the Constitution | |
| 622549743 | Virginia Plan | Proposal calling for a national legislature in which the states would be represented according to population | |
| 622549744 | New Jersey Plan | Proposal of the New Jersey delegation for a strengthened national government in which all states would have an equal representation in a unicameral legislature | |
| 622549745 | Great (Connecticut) Compromise | Plan that established a national bicameral legislature where all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House | |
| 622549746 | 3/5 Compromise | Slaves were agreed to make up 3/5 an American citizen | |
| 622549747 | Anti-Federalists | Opponents of the Constitution in the debate over its ratification | |
| 622549748 | Bill of Rights | A written summary of inalienable rights and liberties | |
| 622549749 | Legislative Branch | Branch that handles the making of laws | |
| 622549750 | Executive Branch | Branch that executes the law | |
| 622549751 | Judicial Branch | Branch that interprets the law | |
| 622549752 | Jay's Treaty | Treaty with the Kingdom of Great Britain negotiated in 1794 where the US made major concessions to avert a war over the British seizure of US ships | |
| 622549753 | Pinckney's Treaty | Treaty with the Kingdom of Spain, boundary at 31st parallel was established so Mississippi river was opened to US for trade | |
| 622549754 | Whiskey Rebellion | 1794, threat of attack by natives, international intrigue, and domestic unrest (mainly farmers); Washington sent 13,000 troops to occupy west Pennsylvania when in fact there were no riots there. | |
| 622549755 | Capitalism | A type of economic system where private owners own companies on production and making goods and services. Similar to a republic/democracy. | |
| 622549756 | Alexander Hamilton | First secretary of the treasury, killed in a duel against Aaron Burr, 3rd VP, served w/ T. Jefferson. Federalist | |
| 622549757 | National Bank | A financial entity which was to establish financial order, clarity and precedence, credit overseas and locally, and to resolve the issue of counterfeit money. | |
| 622549758 | Federalists | People who supported a strong central government; early political party with ideologies including nationalism and industrialism. The de facto party of George Washington | |
| 622549759 | Democratic-Republicans | Early political party with ideologies including republicanism, Jeffersonian democracy (equal democracy) states' rights, and more. | |
| 622549760 | John Adams | Second president of the United States and first Vice President. | |
| 622549761 | XYZ Affair | Diplomatic row between the United States and Napoleonic France where the Americans were outraged by the demand of the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats | |
| 622549762 | Alien & Sedition Acts | Collective name given to four acts passed by Congress in 1798 that curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreign residents in the United States | |
| 622549763 | Virginia & Kentucky Acts | Acts passed by Virginia and Kentucky legislatures stating that the constitution should only be a "compact ground" for states | |
| 622549764 | Revolution of 1800 | A term used to refer to when Jefferson won the elections of 1800. A revolution it was called; this is because Adams was not re-elected and Jefferson won the overwhelming majority. | |
| 622549765 | Thomas Jefferson | The third president of the United States, previously Adams' vice president. | |
| 622549766 | 12th Amendment | Put the president and vice president on different ballots | |
| 622549767 | Midnight Judges | Judges put into power by Adams after his defeat | |
| 622549768 | Marbury vs. Madison | An early USSC court case where CJ John Marshall (Fed) ruled that the USSC could not force the executive branch to give Marbury his commission; he also ruled that the USSC could determine what was constitutional, and Judicial Review was established. | |
| 622549769 | Louisiana Purchase | The land (not just today's state) of Louisiana was purchased from Napoleonic France, where the entire land, as a bargain, was sold for $15,000,000 to Jefferson after purchasing it in April 1803. | |
| 622549770 | Agrarian Society | A society dependent on agriculture, first put into use by Thomas Jefferson. Set the ground for the Southern States to depend on agriculture which would eventually contribute to the Civil War. | |
| 622549771 | Embargo Act | Act passed by Congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port | |
| 622549772 | James Madison | The fourth American President, a Democratic-Republican | |
| 622549773 | Treaty of Fort Wayne | Treaty which allowed the USA to gain 3 million acres of Delaware and Potawatomi land in Indiana | |
| 622549774 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | Battle where Anthony Wayne defeated Natives which divided the Shawnees | |
| 622549775 | Tecumseh | A Shawnee warrior who sided with the British to rebel against the Americans, ultimately died in the Battle of the Thames | |
| 622549776 | Impressment | Process where Royal Navy members searched American ships and captured sailors, regardless of their nationality | |
| 622549777 | War Hawks | Members of Congress predominantly from the South and West who aggressively pushed for war with Britain after their election in 1810 | |
| 622549778 | War of 1812 | Armed conflict between the USA and British Empire from June 1812 to January 1815 fought largely over British restrictions on American shipping | |
| 622549779 | Hartford Convention | New England Federalists discussed secession, but the idea died out | |
| 622549780 | Treaty of Ghent | Treaty signed in December 1814 between the US and UK that ended the war of 1812 | |
| 622549781 | Andrew Jackson | The seventh president, he won the Creek War, and was major commander of the Battle of New Orleans | |
| 622549782 | Battle of New Orleans | Decisive American War of 1812 victory over British hopes of gaining control of the lower Mississippi River Valley | |
| 622549783 | James Monroe | Fifth American president, last member of the Virginia dynasty | |
| 622549784 | Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 | Treaty between the US and UK that demilitarized the Great Lakes by sharply limiting the number of ships each power could station on them | |
| 622549785 | Era of Good Feelings | Time of expansion and national development; from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Democratic-Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony | |
| 622549786 | Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 | Treaty between the US and Spain where Spain ceded Florida to the US, surrendered the Pacific Northwest and agreed to a boundary between the Louisiana Purchase territory and Spanish Southwest | |
| 622549787 | Monroe Doctrine | Declaration by President Monroe in 1823 that the West was closed to colonization and the USA wouldn't interfere in European affairs | |
| 622549788 | Panic of 1819 | An economic crisis that resulted from the War of 1812 | |
| 622549789 | Missouri Compromise | Sectional compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state and prohibited slavery in the northern Louisiana Purchase territory | |
| 622549790 | John Quincy Adams | The sixth president of the United States; had a conflicting presidency | |
| 622549791 | Election of 1824 | Election where Adams defeated Jackson through the House of Representatives | |
| 622549792 | Henry Clay | Former speaker of the house who let Adams win the 1824 election, went on to become the Secretary of State | |
| 622549793 | Corrupt Bargain | Term used to describe how Clay became the Secretary of State after let Adams become president | |
| 622549795 | Spoil System | System used by Jackson where most positions were given to his personal friends | |
| 622549796 | Kitchen Cabinet | Jackson's group of personal friends including Van Buren who advised him | |
| 622549797 | Peggy Eaton Scandal | Scandal with Henry Eaton's wife where she was an alleged bigamist; Jackson defended her | |
| 622549798 | Indian/Native Removal Act | Jackson's measure that allowed the state officials to override federal protection of Natives | |
| 622549799 | Worcester vs. Georgia | Case where Cherokee fought Georgia in the USSC; they won by Marshall's decree but overridden by Jackson | |
| 622549800 | Trail of Tears | The forced march in 1838 of the Cherokees from their homelands in Georgia to the Native Territory in the West | |
| 622549801 | Tariff of Abominations | A tariff that protected industry and was used as a way to raise federal revenue | |
| 622549802 | John C. Calhoun | Jackson's first vice president, was not a member of the Kitchen Cabinet | |
| 622549803 | Nullification Crisis | Sectional crisis in the early 1830s in which a states' rights party in South Carolina attempted to nullify federal law | |
| 622549804 | Pet Banks | Jackson's favored state banks that held deposits from the national bank | |
| 622549805 | McCulloch vs. Maryland | Case where USSC denied a state's right to tax federal property | |
| 622549806 | Dartmouth College vs. Woodward | USSC ruled that states must abide to contracts and cannot interfere in them | |
| 622549807 | Gibbons vs. Ogden | Case that prevented NY from gaining a monopoly over steamboat line to the inventor, Robert Fulton | |
| 622549808 | Panic of 1837 | Six-year recession caused by the bank war and the disestablishment of the second bank | |
| 622549809 | Martin Van Buren | Eighth president who presided over bank failures, bankruptcies, and massive unemployment | |
| 622549810 | Gang System of Labor | The organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations | |
| 622549811 | Second Great Awakening | Religious revival among black and white southerners in the 1790s | |
| 622549812 | Harriet Tubman | African-American abolitionist who worked with the underground railroad | |
| 622549813 | Nat Turner's revolt: | Uprising of slaves in Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner | |
| 622549814 | Gag Rule | Passed by Congress in 1836 to stop abolition petitions | |
| 622549815 | Black Codes | Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people before the Civil War | |
| 622549816 | William Lloyd Garrison | Militant northern abolitionist who published The Liberator | |
| 622549817 | Denmark Vesey | Gabriel's rebellion, a failed slave revolt by a preacher with a slave revolt for an attack | |
| 622549818 | Transportation Revolution | Era between 1800 and 1840 which improved transportation in the US: the national road was built | |
| 622549819 | Market Revolution | The outcome of rapid improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization | |
| 622549820 | Francis Cabot Lodge | Man who built the world's first automated cotton mill | |
| 622549821 | Putting Out System | Production of goods in private homes under the supervision of a merchant who "put out" the raw materials, paid a certain sum per finished piece, and sold the completed item to a distant market | |
| 622549822 | Samuel Slater | An Englishman who, with Moses Brown and William Almy, established a cotton mill | |
| 622549823 | Lowell Mills | Where power looms were used, they also introduced textile mills | |
| 622549824 | Sentimentalism | In this era it was when there was extraordinary emphasis on sincerity and feeling; it especially pertained to women | |
| 622549825 | Transcendentalism | A romantic philosophical theory claiming that there was an ideal, initiative reality transcending ordinary life | |
| 622549826 | Manifest Destiny | Doctrine, first expressed in 1845, that the expansion of White Americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God | |
| 622549827 | Oregon Trail | Overland trail of more than 2,000 miles that carried American settlers from the Midwest to new settlements | |
| 622549828 | Mexican American War | War fought between Mexico and the US between 1846 & 1848 over control of territory in southwest North America | |
| 622549829 | Bear Flag Revolt | The revolt of California's independence from Mexico | |
| 622549830 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Treaty of Mexican secession, it ended the war | |
| 622549834 | Missouri Compromise | Compromise in 1820 that permitted slavery in Missouri and all territories south of it (36°30′) | |
| 622549835 | Zachary Taylor | 12th President, a Whig who was a former war hero | |
| 622549836 | Wilmot Proviso | The amendment offered by David Wilmot (PA-D) in 1846 which stipulated that "as and express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from Mexico...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory" | |
| 622549837 | Popular Sovereignty | A solution to the slavery crisis suggested by MI senator Lewis Cass by which territorial residence, not Congress, would decide slavery's fate | |
| 622549838 | Compromise of 1850 | The four-step compromise which admitted California as a free state, allowed the residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves, and established that slaves fleeing to a free state would be returned to the owner | |
| 622549839 | Millard Fillmore | 13th President, a weak man who took little action and eventually joined the Know-Nothings | |
| 622549840 | Fugitive Slave Act of 1852 | Part of the Compromise of 1850 that required the authorities in the North to assist southern slave catchers and return runaway slaves to their owners | |
| 622549841 | Franklin Pierce | 14th American President, also a weak man | |
| 622549842 | Stephen Douglas | The architect of the Compromise of 1850, from Illinois | |
| 622549843 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | Law passed in 1854 creating the Kansas and Nebraska territories but leaving the question of slavery open to residents, thereby repealing the Missouri Compromise | |
| 622549844 | Pottawatomie Massacre | When John Brown and sons attacked and killed five unarmed people in a pro-slavery settlement | |
| 622549845 | Bleeding Kansas | When both pro and anti-slavery people from other states battled in violent means in Kansas | |
| 622549846 | Republican Party | Party that emerged in the 1850s in the aftermath of the bitter controversy over the Kansas-Nebraska Act, consisting of former Whigs, some northern Democrats, and many Know-Nothings | |
| 622549847 | Abraham Lincoln | A Republican opposed to slavery, future American President | |
| 622549848 | Know-Nothings | Name given to the anti-immigrant party formed from the wreckage of the Whig Party and some disaffected Northern Democrats in 1854 | |
| 622549849 | Free-Soil Party | An anti-slavery party that aimed to prevent slavery expanding into the former Mexican territories | |
| 622549850 | James Buchanan | A Democrat and the 15th American President, a weak man who supported the South | |
| 622549851 | Sumner-Brooks Incident | Scene when Congressman Preston Brooks beat up Senator Charles Sumner on the floor of the Senate; attracted a horrified Northern and pleased Southern audience | |
| 622549852 | Dred Scott decision | USSC ruling; in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott, a slave demanding his freedom based on his residence in a free state, but it was determined that slaves could not be US citizens and that Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery in the territories | |
| 622549853 | Panic of 1857 | Banking crisis that caused a credit crunch in the North; it was less severe in the South, where high cotton prices spurred a quick recovery | |
| 622549854 | Lecompton Constitution | Pro-slavery draft written in 1857 by Kansas territorial delegates elected under questionable circumstances; it was rejected by two governors, supported by Buchanan, and decisively defeated by Congress | |
| 622549855 | A House Divided | Lincoln's speech at the Republican Convention, Lincoln said a house divided can't stand and either there will be slavery or there will not | |
| 622549856 | Lincoln-Douglas Debates | Debates between the two over slavery and the future of the Union | |
| 622549857 | Freeport Doctrine | When Douglas believed that slavery could be prevented in any territory | |
| 622549858 | John Brown's raid | New England abolitionist John Brown's ill-fated attempt to free Virginia's slaves with a raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in 1859 | |
| 622549859 | Election of 1860 | The election that was four-way and produced Lincoln as a winner. Sectionalism, though, was the true winner. |
