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Part 6 Flashcards

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333750793Divine Rights of KingsA theory that assumed that God appointed all monarchs to rule on his behalf. Therefore, any policy, decree, plan, or approach adopted by royalty could not be questioned or disobeyed.0
333750794Creolea white person born in Spanish America of Spanish parents1
333750795Mestizoa person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)2
333750796Social Contractan implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society3
333750797Empiricismthe theory that all knowledge originates in experience4
333750798PhilosophesThinkers of the Enlightenment; Wanted to educate the socially elite, but not the masses; were not allowed to openly criticize church or state, so used satire and double-meaning in their writings to avoid being banned; Salons held by wealthy women also kept philosophes safe; They considered themselves part of an intellectual community, and wrote back and forth to each other to share ideas.5
333911835enlightened despotisma system of government in which the ruler has absolute rights over his or her subjects, but uses this power for their benefit6
333911836bourgeoisiea french word to identify with employers, and members of the 'middle class', professionals, artisans, and shopkeepers.7
333911837jacobinsThe most radical party of the French Revolution8
333911838GiorndinsFrench Revolutionary group formed largely from the middle class.9
333911839Montagnardsradical French Revolutionary party, closely associated with the Jacobins and supported by the artisans, and shopkeepers.10
333911840sansculottemembers of the militant, generally poorer classes of paris, so-called because they wore trousers rather than the knee-breeches of affluent society.11
333911841balance of powera policy that aims to secure peace by preventing any one state or alighment of states from becoming too dominant.12
333911842mulattoa person of mixed race, usually with parents of European and African origin13
333911843vodounthe popular religious cult of haiti, as well as other areas of the Caribbean.14
333911844mazomboa direct descendant of portuguese settlers in the Americas15
333911845neo-colonialismthe control exercised by a state or group of states of the developed world over the economies and societies of the developing world.16
333911846enclosure actslaws passed in England in the late 1700s and 1800s that converted public lands held in common into parcels of land to be sold to private owners.17
333911847cartelAn association of independent producers or businessmen whose aim is to control the supply of a particular commodity18
333911848proletariatIn marxist theory, those who live solely by the sale of their labor19
333911849extraterritorialityLegal immunities enjoyed by the citizens of a sovereign state or international organization within a host country20
333911850ShogunThe military leader who ruled Japan in the name of the emperor21
333911851Meiji RestorationThe Reforms effected in japan in the name of the emperor Mutsihito, who was known as the Meiji emperor.22

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