Terms : Hide Images
| 63256168 | Personality | A consistent pattern of thinking, acting, feeling | |
| 63256169 | Unconscious | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. | |
| 63256170 | Superego | The part of the personality in Freud's theory that is responsible for making moral choices. | |
| 63256171 | Identification | Thee process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. | |
| 63256172 | Repression | A defense mechanism in which painful memories are excluded from consciousness. | |
| 63256173 | Projection | A defense mechanism in which one disguises one's won unacceptable impulses by attributing them to others | |
| 63256174 | Projective test | A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. | |
| 63256175 | Collective unconscious | Jung's theory that we all share an inherited memory that contains our culture's most basic elements. | |
| 63256176 | Self-concepts | One's idea and evaluation of oneself; this contributes to one's sense of identity. | |
| 63256177 | Minnesota Mutlitphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | The most widely research and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders | |
| 63256178 | Reciprocal determinism | Bandura's idea that though our environment affects us, we also affect our environment. | |
| 63256179 | Internal locus of control | The perception that you control your own fate. | |
| 63256180 | Spotlight effect | Overestimating others' noticing and evaluation our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spot-light shines on us. | |
| 63256181 | Individualism | A culture in which the individual is valued more highly than the group. | |
| 63256182 | Free association | In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. | |
| 63256183 | Id | In Freud's conception, the repository of the basic urges toward sex and aggression. | |
| 63256184 | Psychosexual stages | The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. | |
| 63256185 | Fixation | According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. | |
| 63256186 | Rationalization | Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. | |
| 63256187 | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | A projective test in which subjects look at and tell a story about ambiguous pictures | |
| 63256188 | Self-actualization | The highest of Maslow's needs; "the full use of talent." | |
| 63256189 | Trait | A genetically determined variant of a characteristic. | |
| 63256190 | Empirically derived test | A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups. | |
| 63256191 | Personal control | Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless. | |
| 63256192 | Learned helplessness | The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. | |
| 63256193 | Self-esteem | A realistic respect for or favorable impression of oneself. | |
| 63256194 | Collectivism | Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly. | |
| 63256195 | Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. | |
| 63256196 | Ego | The Latin for "I"; in Freud's theories, the mediator between the demands of the id and the superego | |
| 63256197 | Oedipus complex | According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. | |
| 63256198 | Defense mechanisms | In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | |
| 63256199 | Reaction formation | Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. | |
| 63256200 | Displacement | Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. | |
| 63256201 | Rorschach inkblot test | The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots | |
| 63256202 | Unconditional positive regard | According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person | |
| 63256203 | Personality inventory | A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits. | |
| 63256204 | Social-cognitive perspective | Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context. | |
| 63256205 | External locus of control | The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate. | |
| 63256206 | Positive psychology | The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. | |
| 63256207 | Self-serving bias | A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. | |
| 63256208 | Terror-management theory | A theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death. | |
| 63256209 | Regression | Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. |
