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| 11836748158 | valence electrons | the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atom | 0 | |
| 11836748159 | valence electrons | the number of these largely determines that chemical properties of an element | 1 | |
| 11836748160 | electron dot structures | also called the Lewis Dot Structure; they are diagrams that show valence electrons in the atoms of an element as dots | 2 | |
| 11836748161 | octet rule | it states that in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas | 3 | |
| 11836748162 | halide ions | the ions produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons | 4 | |
| 11836748163 | halogen atoms | the all have 7 valence electronS | 5 | |
| 11836748164 | ionic compound | they are electrically neutral and composed of cations and anions | 6 | |
| 11836748165 | ionic bonds | the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds | 7 | |
| 11836748166 | electrostatic force | anions and cations have opposite charges and attract eachother by the means of _______________ | 8 | |
| 11836748167 | chemical formula | it shows the numbers of atoms of each element in the smallest representative unit of a substance | 9 | |
| 11836748168 | formula unit | the lowest whole-muber ration of ions in an ionic compound | 10 | |
| 11836748169 | coordination number | the number of ions of oppoiste charge that surround the ion in a crystal | 11 | |
| 11836748170 | ionic compounds | they can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water | 12 | |
| 11836748171 | ionic compunds | generally have high melting points and are crystalline at room temperature | 13 | |
| 11836748172 | metallic bonds | the forces of attraction between the free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions | 14 | |
| 11836748173 | valence electrons | they are usually the only electrons involved in chemical bonds | 15 | |
| 11836748174 | noble gases | these are non reactive in chemical reactions | 16 | |
| 11836748175 | metal | atoms of ________ tend to lose their electrons | 17 | |
| 11836748176 | nonmetal | atoms of __________ tend to gain electrons or share with another nonmetal to get to the octet | 18 | |
| 11836748177 | cations | formed when an atom loses one or more valence electrons and becomes a positively charged ion | 19 | |
| 11836748178 | anions | they are formed when an atom gains electrons to become negatively charged ions | 20 | |
| 11836748179 | gain | it is easier to _____ electrons than to lose them | 21 | |
| 11836748180 | neutral | ionic compounds are electrically ___________ | 22 | |
| 11836748181 | chemical formulas | chemists represent the composition of substances by writing _________ __________ | 23 | |
| 11836748182 | crystal | when a ionic compound is melted and dissolved in water, the ________ structure breaks down | 24 | |
| 11836748183 | cations, anions | when a crystal structure is broken down, __________ migrate freely to one electrode and _______ migrate to the other | 25 | |
| 11836748184 | freely | when dissovled in water, ions of ionic ompounds can move __________ around the solution | 26 | |
| 11836748185 | properties of metal | ductile, malleable, conduct electric current well, crystalline structure, high melting points | 27 | |
| 11836748186 | crystalline structures | body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, hexagonal close packed | 28 | |
| 11836748187 | alloys | they are mixtures of two or more elements, at least one being a metal; ex: copper and zinc | 29 | |
| 11836748188 | alloys | they are important becasue their properties are often superior to those of their compound elements | 30 | |
| 11836748189 | steel | the most important alloy today | 31 | |
| 11836748190 | steel | have corrosion resistance, ductility, hardnerr, and toughness | 32 | |
| 11836748191 | True | True or False? The group of a representative element in the periodic table is related to the number of valence electrons it has. | 33 | |
| 11836748192 | lose, gaining, sharing | Metallic atoms tend to _______ valence electrons to produce a positively charged ion. Most nonmetallic atoms achieve a complete octet by ____________ or __________ electrons. | 34 | |
| 11836748193 | pseudo noble-gas configuration | the electron configuration that has 18 electrons in the outer energy and all of the orbitals filled | 35 | |
| 11836748194 | 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d10, 4s2 | Write the electron configuration for zinc. |  | 36 |
| 11836748195 | anions | Atoms of most nonmetallic elements achieve noble-gas electron configuration by gaining electrons to become __________. | 37 | |
| 11836748196 | They have relatively full valence shells. | What property of nonmetallic elements makes them more likely to gain electrons than lose electrons? | 38 | |
| 11836748197 | False, they gain one. | True or False? Elements of the halogen family lose one electron to become halide ions. | 39 | |
| 11836748198 | 3, 2, 2, 1 | How many electrons will each element gain in forming an ion? a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. sulfur d. bromine | | 40 |
| 11836748199 | cations, anions, neutral | In an ionic compound, the charges of the __________ and __________ must balance to produce an electrically ___________ substance. | 41 | |
| 11836748200 | Each beryllium atom gives up 2 e-, but each fluorine atom only accepts 1 e-. Therefore, 2 fluorine atoms are needed to react with each beryllium atom. | Why do beryllium and fluorine combine in a 1:2 ratio? | 42 | |
| 11836748201 | 2 atoms of iron, 3 atoms of oxygen | List the number and types of atoms represented by Fe2, O3 | 43 | |
| 11836748202 | 1 atom of potassium, 1 atom of manganese, 4 atoms of oxygen | List the number and types of atoms represented by KMnO4 | 44 | |
| 11836748203 | There must be twice as many Cl ions (Cl-) to balance the magnesium ions (Mg2+) to form an electrically neutral compound. | Explain why the ratio of magnesium ions to chloride ions in MgCl2 is 1:2. | 45 | |
| 11836748204 | Exist as collections of cations and anions arranged in repeating three-dimensional patterns | Describe the structure of ionic compounds. | 46 | |
| 11836748205 | crystalline solids | Most ionic compounds are this at room temperature. | 47 | |
| 11836748206 | False | True or false? Ionic compounds generally have low melting points. | 48 | |
| 11836748207 | 6 | What is the coordination number of the ions in a crystal of NaCl? | 49 | |
| 11836748208 | Electrically neutral | What is the electrical charge of an ionic compound? | 50 | |
| 11836748209 | Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature, they generally have high melting points, and they can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water. | What are three properties of ionic compounds? | 51 | |
| 11836748210 | Electrons can flow freely in the metal. | Why are metals good conductors? | 52 | |
| 11836748211 | The sea of electrons enables the cations to move past each other when pressure is applied. | Why are metals ductile? | 53 | |
| 11836748212 | The sea of electrons enables the cations to be pushed closer together when hit. | Why are metals malleable. | 54 | |
| 11836748213 | True | true or false? Metals are made up of cations and valence electrons, not neutral atoms | 55 | |
| 11836748214 | electrical conductivity, ductility, malleability | Name three properties of metals that can be explained by metallic bonding | 56 | |
| 11836748215 | The force tends to push ions of like charge into contact. They repel each other, and the crystal shatters. | What happens to an ionic crystal when a force is applied to it? | 57 | |
| 11836748216 | compact, orderly | Metal atoms in crystals are arranged into very ___________ and_______ patterns. | 58 | |
| 11836748217 | body-centered cubic | 8 neighbors |  | 59 |
| 11836748218 | hexagonal close packed | 12 neighbors |  | 60 |
| 11836748219 | face centered cubic | 12 neighbors |  | 61 |
| 11836748220 | copper and aluminum | Chose each metal whose atoms form a face-centered cubic pattern. -magnesium, copper, sodium, aluminum | 62 | |
| 11836748221 | False | true or false? Pure metals are usually harder and more durable than alloys. | 63 | |
| 11836748222 | coins | The most common use of nonferrous alloys is in... | 64 | |
| 11836748223 | corrosion resistance, ductility, hardness, toughness | What four properties make steel an important alloy? | 65 | |
| 11836748224 | silver and copper | What are the component elements for sterling silver? | 66 | |
| 11836748225 | copper and zinc | What are the component elements for brass? | 67 | |
| 11836748226 | iron, chromium, nickel, and carbon | What are the component elements for stainless steel? | 68 | |
| 11836748227 | iron and carbon | What are the component elements for cast iron? | 69 | |
| 11836748228 | Interstitial alloys | have smaller atoms that fit into the spaces between larger atoms | 70 | |
| 11836748229 | Substitutional alloys | have component atoms that are roughly equal in size | 71 |
